Cultural Issues in National Problems Essay

* Based on your study on this module of cultural theories, international business ethics and the practice of managing across cultures, and assuming the role of a business consultant specialising in cross-cultural issues, write a cultural briefing for the Human Resources department of a real international business. Your briefing should cover a range of cultural issues, including the creation of cross-cultural teams, training employees for expatriate assignments, national negotiating styles and training employees for the challenges of cross-cultural management. This assignment may take the format of a report or a more creatively designed briefing document. Creation of cross-cultural teams Train employees for challenges of cross-cultural management National negotiating style The Chinese Negotiation http://www.globalnegotiationbook.com/John-Graham-research/negotiation-v1.pdf Negotiating in China: 10 rules for success http://www.forbes.com/sites/jackperkowski/2011/03/28/negotiating-in-china-10-rules-for-success/ pp. 163 note However, china is also a difficult and risky market for western business communities to operate in. the surprises, disappointment, and frustration on the part of western business people are not strange. China is a special challenge: it is the world’s largest emerging market, largest communist bureaucracy and oldest culture. These unique features make china a unique case in international business that calls for special academic and managerial attention. Now that china has reached and agreement with the European union and United States of America about its membership in the world trade organization (WTO), the importance of china as a trade partner is going to increase further. Question: * What are the meaningful stages of the Sino-western business negotiation process? * What are the main contentious issues in the formal negotiation sessions? * How can we understand chinese negotiating style observed in various stages from the chinese culture point of view? Ping-Pong model 1, pre-negotiation (lobbing, presentation, informal discussion, and trust building) 2, formal negotiation (task-related exchange of information, persuasion, concession and agreement) 3, post-negotiation (implementation and new rounds of negotiations) The Chinese show keen interests in getting to know the other party during these initial contacts. They try to ascertain whether or not the foreign firm has (1) the most advanced technology required for the project; (2) the willingness to sell or transfer it to the Chinese side by way of, for example, joint venture; and (3) the capacity of delivering the products on time. As one chinese negotiators explained: â€Å"our intention is to import the most advanced technology and to cooperate with large, world-famous foreign companies, because the life cycle of a technology is short. We pay even more attention to the supplier’s houjing(reserve strength) for continuous technological development lobbying: lobbing before the chinese government authorities is one of the most important marketing activities facing foreign firms that want to sell large industrial projects in chinese key industries like telecommunications. Foreign firms must convince the chinese that they have cutting-edge technologies that suit chinese government’s priorities, that they have long-term commitment to the chinese market, and that they are financially strong. They must present a highly reliable image before the chinese, making them feel safe to do business with them. The chinese said that they liked to do business with â€Å"big mountain† like Ericesson that they could trust and rely on in the long term. Presentation: giving attractive and reliable presentations to let potential chinese partners know the company, products and negotiating team members, is an important step toward formal negotiation sessions. Presentations aim to convince the chinese of the sincerity of the company in doing business ith china and show the chinese that the company’s products are and advanced technology with high quality and reasonable price. Foreign firms need to present themselves and their technologies to number of authorities. Very often one has to endlessly repeat the same things to different negotiators who may suddenly, without explanation, be replaced by another team. From chinese point of view, it is done to check the reliability and firmness of the supplier. Informal discussion: initial and informal discussions with chinese organizations often occur directly after the presentations Trust building: the chinese attach great importance to trust building in business negotiations. Formal negotiation * Equity share * Contribution of each party * Management control * Technology * Price * Persuasion * Concessions and agreement Post-negotiation * Managerial implications * Priority * Patience * People the PRC condition (guoqing) is a contemporary social and institutional factor influencing the PRC Introduction Hotel Chocolat is a famous luxury chocolate producer in the UK. It has 55 stores in the UK and 5 stores in the USA and the Europe. (Hotel Chocolat, 2012) The mainly product series are Giant Slabs, Selectors, Sleekster Selections, Liquid Chocolat, The Purist and Coco Juvenate Beauty Range. (Hotel Chocolat, 2012) Hotel Chocolat insists a high quality strategy so that their products are in luxury level, which attracting consumers come back again and again. Now Hotel Chocolat plan to expand the business and brand perception, managers think about enter Chinese market. In China, middle class improving their purchasing power in recent years, within urban residents has more disposable income (Farrell D, 2006). If manager decide to enter China market, human resource management (HRM) department needs to prepare three points, firstly is create cross-cultural team with Chinese employees, secondly is train the British employees for challenge of cross-cultural management, thirdly is negotiating st yle with Chinese. Creation of cross-cultural team and the challenges of cross-cultural management Cross-cultural team is necessary. Nowadays, the globe business activities are an important part of the worldwide economy. Many of different nationality works in one company or even in one group. In this case, Hotel Chocolat will be suggested to build a cross-cultural team within Chinese employees. This program can avoid some potential risk in Chinese market. Here will point out three directions. 1. Language In business group need to keep will communication to reduce the cost of information. Hotel Chocolat is British company so that the English is mainly language. But Chinese employee’s native language is mandarin and Cantonese, which make conversation maybe difficult. Fortunately, Chinese education department push English language teaching from primary school to college. Nowadays, the world’s most populous nation will become the world’s largest English-speaking country, account about two billion people are learning or have learned English (Clifford. C, 2009). Firstly, English level is an important testing standard when manager selects Chinese employees. Secondly, English employ which will work in China suggest to learn basic daily Mandarin. Of course, if possible, Hotel Chocolat should better choose the people who interested in China. 2. Build Virtual Team In the beginning, Hotel Chocolat should build a quickly communication tunnel between the UK and China department. For a high efficiency, Hotel Chocolat has to build Virtual Team. Virtual Team is basic on advanced information technology to link the geographical dispersion essential employees. It also downsizes the department in China and improves productivity.(Townsend, A, M., and Demarie, M, S and Hendrickson R, A., 2003) Why build a Virtual Team? Here point five factors: (Bettis, R and Hitt, M., 1995) * The flat organizational structure is becoming a good solution to increasing speed to communicate. * The competition and cooperation will be easy in globe economy environment. * Changes in workers expectation of organizational participation. * Adjustment the production of knowledge work environments. * Make trade and corporate activity easily. First of all, to build virtual team needs to pay attention to define the team’s function and organizational roles, build the technical systems to exchange the information. Define the team’s function and organizational roles are the most important thing. The UK and China have seven (DST.) or eight (GMT.) times difference, it make the working time harder. The manager in China who leads the virtual team should clear expectations about team’s performance and criteria. Because of the virtual team’s geographical dispersion, the manager can define the detail of daily report, working schedules and emergency solution. As a new market competitor, Hotel Chocolat will face many difficult, so the virtual team members in both side, the UK and China, have responds to meet online in a short time. In the same time, the virtual team in China needs to have individual ability to control and solve problems. A well communication system in virtual team is a strong support. The technical system should be designed basic on efficiency. One of the reasons is the virtual team members are in different place so that they cannot face to face. If people cannot face to face meeting, some serious and complicated issues will not solve well. In tradition way, the tools have online meeting (Skype), file upload and download (email). If possible, the technical system can use wide-angle camera to build a multiplayer video session, in the meantime, virtual team members can use â€Å"cloud system† to modify the same file in different place together. Within modern technical system, the virtual team becomes more reality and efficient. National negotiating styles When a company enters new market, an excellent negotiating skill will make their process more successfully. In business activities, communication is the key of make a good deal. Within a group of well training negotiating employees, the new market risks, not only China market, will be reduced. As the human resource department, they should make a plan to lead the negotiators’ mind set. Therefore, the â€Å" Ping-Pong† Model (Fang, 1999) is a good choice. (Fang, 1999) The â€Å"Ping-Pong† model is based on the international business negotiating style and Chinese business negotiating style (Fang, 1999; Frankenstein, 1986; Ghauri and Usunier, 1996; Graham and Lin 1987), fang tries to build a bridge between China and the world. In the â€Å"Ping-Pong† Model, there are two major parts. One is the stage of the Sino-Western business Negotiation process and the other one is the dimension of Chinese business culture. In 1996, Ghauri make a structure of the international negotiating style process. He divides the total negotiation into three parts: 1, Pre-Negotiation 2, Formal-Negotiation 3, Post-Negotiation And also Fang realized that in Chinese cultural situation, he also define three main thing: 1, The PRC Condition 2, Confucianism 3, Chinese stratagems Combine these two things, international negotiating style process and Chinese cultural situation, the â€Å"Ping-Pong† Model produced. Next part, it will analyze six factors of â€Å"Ping-Pong† Model. Pre-Negotiation It includes four processes, lobbing, presentation, informal discussion and trust building. In the beginning is lobbing, in China market the government is a powerful force to the market. So it is necessary to have a good conversation with government. Presentation and informal discussion is the base of trust building. In public ways, presentation can show company’s abilities to the company, in other ways, Informal discussion enhance mutual understanding between company and its potential partners. Formal Negotiation In formal negotiation stage, five major contentious issues needs to serious consideration: equity share, contribution of each party, management control, technology and price. For Hotel Chocolat, technology is the top secret so that the human resource department should focus on this part. Post-Negotiation After formal negotiation, the team should be prepared for Chinese trick. One Swedish negotiator recall that (Ghauri P. and Fang T. 2001) Chinese negotiator always take the old issue whatever and whenever, but these situation would not happened in European, Middle Eastern and African countries. Hotel Chocolat website, (2012), Store http://www.hotelchocolat.co.uk/Chocolate-Store-Locations-Achocolatestore/ (accessed: 8th Oct 2012). Hotel Chocolat website, (2012), Products http://www.hotelchocolat.co.uk/chocolates-CHC_PRODUCT/ (accessed: 8th Oct 2012). Farrell, D., Gersch, U. and Stephenson, E. (2006), The value of China’s emerging middle class, McKinsey Quarterly, pp69-69. Clifford Coonan, (2009) The largest English-speaking country? China, of course, The Irish Times, 6 June, available at: http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/weekend/2009/0620/1224249169396.html (accessed at 9th Oct 2012). Townsend, A.M., DeMarie, S.M., Hendrickson, A.R. (2003) ‘Virtual teams’ In Thomas, D.C. (ed) Reading and Cases in International Management: A Cross-cultural Perspective. London: SAGE, pp.269-281. Bettis, R. and Hitt, M. (1995) â€Å"The new competitive landscape†, Strategic management journal 16(S1), pp,7-19. Fang, T. (1999) â€Å"Chinese business negotiating style. Sage: Thousand Oaks, CA. Frankenstein, J. (1986). Trend in Chinese business practice: Change in the Beijing wind. California Management Review, 29(1): 148-160. Ghauri, P. N. and Usunier J. –C. (1996) International Business Negotiations. Oxford: Pergamon. Graham, J. L. and Lin, C. –Y. (1987) A comparison of marketing negotiations in the Republic of China (Taiwan) and the United States. In Cavusgil, T. (ed. Advanced in international marketing (Vol. 2, pp. 23-46). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press. Ghauri P. and Fang T. (2001), Negotiating With the Chinese, Journal of World Business Vol. 36, pp. 303-325.

Engaging & Supporting Students in Learning Essay

Many algebra teachers find student engagement as one of the most difficult challenges in teaching the subject. This is primarily because popular culture has constructed the idea of mathematics in general as a difficult and disinteresting subject and algebra specifically to be one of the most difficult and disinteresting of them all. However, my experience with teaching the subject has helped me select appropriate instructional strategies that can engage all students and encourage their participation. Furthermore, I have come to modify many of these strategies to suit my own classroom needs and in some occasions have even developed my own. Perhaps one of the best ways to engage students who can be assumed to have a certain fear of the subject is make sure that the lessons are not delivered too quickly. For this purpose, I employ the 5+1 instructional strategy when delivering subject content. In this strategy, subject content is delivered at only 5 minutes at a time. Each of the 5-minute time frames are followed with a 1 minute period for students to reflect and ask questions (Rowan, 2007). Then the lesson proceeds to the next 5-minute interval. It is important that there is sufficient planning on the part of the teacher before every lesson because the lesson partition in each of the 5-minute intervals must be so that the lesson should not be kept hanging. For example, in teaching about operations on signed numbers, the 5-minute period should not encompass two operations. In fact, addition and subtraction of signed numbers in themselves should consist of two 5-minute intervals each. During the 1-minute time for reflection, I have found that students tend to ask some very important questions that are confusing them. If not for those 1-minute breaks, students may end up making mistakes on the first sets of graded drills because of the lack of opportunity to clarify matters. The 1-minute breaks allows every student the opportunity to speak out instead of boring them with 30-minute blocks with no one but the teacher talking. This method thus engages all of the students to participate in the lesson. Another strategy that I have found to engage all of the students are drills. Drills are short written exercises usually composed of no more than 10 items that students are asked to accomplish at the end of each lesson. To speed up the administration of drills, I have them photocopied before class begins and just hand them out at the appropriate time. Having drills at the end of every lesson allows students to test for themselves whether or not they understand the subject matter. Students are asked to exchange papers at the end of the time allotted for the drill and then students are called at random to give their answers on the board. Students who were not called to give the answers are called to check if the answers given by their classmates are correct and to suggest possible corrections. The engagement of students through this strategy is two-fold. First, the entire class accomplishes the drill and second, students are called to either answer or critique the answers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Several topics in algebra are very appropriate for connecting to real-world situations. These topics should be recognized and their potentials should be exploited in order to get maximum student attention. One such topic is the addition and subtraction of signed numbers. In introducing the content, the teacher can use the â€Å"money analogy† to represent positive and negative numbers. Positive numbers represent â€Å"money on hand† while negative numbers represent â€Å"money owed† and each operation as a financial transaction. This makes it much easier to explain why -4 + 5 = 1 by saying that you owe someone $4 and then you have $5 to pay with so you have $1 left after the transaction. This method relies less on the traditional rules when it comes to adding and subtracting signed numbers and forwards a more practical approach that students can connect better with. Another opportunity to introduce connections between the lesson and the real-world is problem solving. Word problems can be described as consisting of two parts, the subject content and the flavor text. The subject content is the lesson that the problem aims to teach while the flavor text is the context of the word problem itself. It is highly important that the teacher selects flavor text that are appropriate to the learners. Word problems can be about recent baseball games or current media interests or popular games. These applications show the student that algebra can really be found even in the things that interest them the most.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   High school students are usually very socially active. At their developmental stage, strategies employed on them should address their inherent need to socialize. Thus, the paired problem solving approach where one person thinks aloud in solving the problem while the other listens and provides feedback (Rowan, 2007) is developmentally appropriate. Of course, it is best to assign students who are performing less effectively in class as the ones who think aloud so that they will actually engage the problem while the listener should be the ones who are performing better in class so that they can guide their partners to the right answer. Another developmentally appropriate strategy is the Phillips 66 where students are grouped into 6 members and are given 6 minutes to solve a particularly difficult task (Rowan, 2007). Each group is given a different problem and all of the members should understand the solution because the teacher can question any one of them when they present their result. This ensures that there would be sufficient interaction within groups. Part 2 – Assessing Student Learning (1 Page)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Before the start of the course and usually on the first day of class, a diagnostic examination is given to the class so that each member can be assessed for the prerequisite competencies to an algebra course. This examination basically includes the four fundamental operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division of whole numbers), fractions, decimals, and simple, non-algebraic problem solving. After the administration of the examination, the papers are evaluated and key competencies that are lacking are noted. The students are each given private assessments of their performance in the preliminary diagnostic exam which include suggestions on how they can tackle any deficiencies that were found. If a student is found to be extremely deficient in the appropriate competencies, their parents should be informed so that they can be a part of taking appropriate action. This assessment tool guides the teacher to be certain that the class is prepared to take a course in algebra.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   During the instruction, drills are given at the end of each lesson in order to reinforce what has just been taught and ensure that the students were able to understand. These assessments are short and only test one particular part of the entire instruction. At the end of the instruction, a summative test is given to ensure that the students were able to absorb the different parts of the lesson into a collective whole. The summative test will compose of the various subtopics and will comprehensively measure students’ performance and intrinsically, the effectiveness of the instruction. Parts of the summative test on content that are needed for the next lesson would also serve as a diagnostic test. All assessments should be properly time-framed according to type and difficulty. Part 4 – Making Subject Matter Comprehension to Students (1 Page) I have modified the guided practice strategy for it to become a scaffolding strategy that is most suitable for algebra. This modification takes into consideration that changing the given of an algebraic problem does not change the approach in solving that problem. In this modified scaffolding strategy, each student is given one of 5 different items that only vary slightly in their given numbers. A sixth similar problem is displayed by the teacher on the board. The teacher shows the students how to solve the problem while the students apply the method used by the teacher to their own individual problems. Each problem’s answer is already given to each respective student so that the students would know if they were able to obtain the correct answer. Another scaffolding strategy that can be used is guided questioning for erroneous examples. In this strategy, the teacher presents erroneous solutions in class and then asks guided questions that would help the class determine the things that are wrong with the solution or sometimes with the problem itself. The teacher should prepare various items and as the strategy progresses, it should take less and less guided questions for students to figure out what are wrong with the problems and solutions given. An important concept in algebra is transpositions. What I believe to be a common mistake in teaching this particular concept is beginning with how we can simply move expressions from one side of the equal sign to the other and change their signs. While this is correct, it is insensitive to the underlying principle of transpositions which should first be elaborated upon. Hence, it is best to start with a non-algebraic example of equality and show how adding or subtracting a certain quantity from both sides of the equal sign still results in an equality. From this, the concept can be abstracted to apply to equalities with algebraic expressions. Only after this has been established should the â€Å"short-cut† of just moving expressions and changing signs be introduced. Another concept that is essential to algebra is that of irrational numbers. The best strategy for teaching this concept is contrasting it with rational numbers which is a concept that students are more familiar with. The teacher can show that all rational numbers can be formed by a fraction where both numerator and denominator are integers while irrational numbers could not be. This establishes the clear-cut difference between the two and gives irrational numbers its own definition. Part 8 – Planning Instruction and Designing Learning Experiences for all Students Motivation and comprehension are primary considerations in planning instruction and designing learning experiences. Students for the course are expected to be in their adolescence where the developmental focus tends to be more on the social aspect. Hence, opportunities for social interaction with classmates should be made available in the design of learning experiences. The teacher should avoid reclusive activities that constrict socialization because that would further reinforce the idea that a math subject is generally disinteresting. There should be fun, kinesthetic activities provided every now and then in order to encourage student engagement and participation. Integration of popular culture in planning instruction should also be considered as this makes students feel that the subject is very much related to their daily lives.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   While there are a variety of teaching strategies available for every lesson, it is very important that the teacher is able to select the appropriate strategy for the appropriate lessons. For teaching mixture word problems, action projects can serve as a very effective strategy. Teachers can provide students with harmless, multicolored liquids that they can form into mixtures. The teacher can them present a problem without presenting the algebraic technique to solve it and them ask the students to solve the problem using their mixtures. This strategy will allow the students to visualize the problem and appreciate the algebraic solution better. Another strategy which is most suitable for teaching about the number line is an action game. In this particular game, a long line with numbers from +10 to -10 is placed on the floor. A student is asked to stand on a particular number (say -5). Then, the teacher asks a question beginning with that number (say -5 + 3) and the student jumps to the resulting answer on the number line. Another student gets called afterwards to do the same thing and the previous student takes a seat and gets a chance to ask the question instead of the teacher. The cycle continues until everyone has had a turn. Lastly, abstracting is still one of the best methods to teach several concepts in algebra. Abstracting involves starting from actual examples and then building up to a definition of the concept that can encompass all possible examples. Part 10 – Creating and Maintaining Effective Learning Environments (1 Page) The appropriate setup of the actual classroom environment is important in making sure that learning can be facilitated efficiently, effectively, and safely. Visuals are very important in an algebra class. Therefore, there should be sufficient lighting in the classroom. Insufficient lighting may lead students to be disinterested because they cannot see lessons presented on the board clearly or it may damage their eyesight if they concentrated despite the difficulty. Since students can be easily distracted, it is best if the classroom is a closed environment with all windows shaded so that student attention can be better contained. LCD projectors are not necessary for daily instruction and should only be used when presenting audio-visual clips that may be of some important connection to the lesson. Actual content should be given verbally with support from writing on the board. Student textbooks and other required materials should be with them on their seats before the start of the class to avoid any unnecessary, time-consuming periods of getting them during the lesson. Student discipline is a primary concern but disciplinary policies should not be very strict. It is understandable that some discussion may occur during the lesson and so long as these are kept brief and at a minimal volume, the teacher should not take offense. A routine of answering drills after every part of the lesson should be inculcated in the students. Drills let students practice learned concepts so that they will be used to answering them by the time summative tests are given. Everyone should be given a chance to participate. A random system for calling on students can be established by using name cards submitted by students. In theory, the random system should give everyone a chance to participate over time although the teacher should include provisions on how to call those who have not yet been called after a certain period. These cards ay also be used to keep records of student evaluations from graded recitations. Part 12 – Developing as a Professional Educator (1 Page) Interaction with parents is essential to student development. After administering diagnostic examinations, I make it a point to contact the parents of students who were not able to perform adequately enough to say that they are prepared fro the class. This is done so that the parents can take appropriate action and give their child more attention. Upon parent’s request, I provide regular updates for them on their children through email. This is to ensure that they are being kept up-to-date with their child’s performance. During summer breaks, I would like to help organize community projects such as tutorials for incoming freshmen to get them ready for what to expect in high school.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I intend to grow professionally by pursuing a post-graduate degree and formally engaging into my research interests. I realize also that joining and being active in professional organizations is also a great avenue for professional development and academic research. I would like to be able to conduct researches on student difficulties in learning specific lessons in algebra. In my experience, I have noticed that a majority of students have difficulty with regard to the â€Å"trial and error† nature of factoring. I have tried to remedy this problem by presenting a more grounded method to factoring algebraic expressions and found that it is effective in my classroom. I would like to conduct research that can formally determine whether or not this method is more effective than the traditional methods currently available. I hope to be able to establish that this method is indeed more effective and suggest its adaptation to the current school system. I believe that an accomplished educator is one who does not only teach well but also broadens the scope of knowledge in the field he or she is teaching through relevant research. References Rowan, K. (2007). Instructional Strategies. Retrieved May 21, 2008 from: http://glossary.plasmalink.com/glossary.html

African American History in America

From slavery to freedom (2007), it was said that the transition from slavery to freedom is the subject in the history of African-Americans (1). The history of African Americans plays an important role not only for the civil rights movement but also for American history as African Americans strive to lead a good life and courage in America. African Americans have been in this country since the early 1600s and since then have been making history. The history of African Americans is the history of America. This is an echoed message from the Smithsonian National African American History and Culture Museum in Washington DC, opened in September after a century of planning. Americans' achievement brings the history of slave trade beyond the Atlantic that began hundreds of years ago and continues to today's popular culture. American African American History 1865 - 1960 Georgian Roots HIS 204: American History Mark since 1865 D. Bowls March 18, 2013 American African American History 1865 - 19 60 America African American History Americans experienced many difficult times in attempts to progress from slavery, freedom, and equal rights. In this article I will explain some of the important events of the time to clarify the role of African Americans in a wider range. Documentary Film Analysis Worksheet History 221 - 1877 Before describing the history of African-Americans: Your movie list can be selected in the course section of the course. †¢ Go to the list and select a movie. You have to see the whole movie. If you are unable to access the movie for placement, geographical location, or for any other reason, please contact your faculty to request alternative work. †¢ Please enter the answer on this form. I need to send a worksheet Black - African American history, as well as American history, is also the center of the United States and should be consistent with American history. The history of ancient Africans and African Americans must be part of our elementary sch ool and the introduction of high school curriculum is consistent with the national history of the United States. It is the basic cognitive discipline of psychology and tells us how to change the way people think eventually change behavior. This cognitive process depends greatly on who can identify themselves. Therefore, it is said that people with strong cultural identity are better at changing life than those who do not improve their lifestyle.

HistoryUTmidterm Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

HistoryUTmidterm - Essay Example The Triangle of fire has a good deal of historical significance. It led to the transformation of the labor system of New York State. It also led to the fire safety measures adoption that represented the whole country. The New York Factory Investigative Commission participated actively in this transformation. It also wrote the thirty- six different bills that related to labor which the state legislature adopted in the long run. There was also adoption of security measures and monitoring of the conditions in the factories which the unions and the local government agencies did and people use them to date.Wilson Woodrow used fourteen points to make known the idea of a League of Nations. There was a change of the League of Nations to the United Nations. Wilson considered it necessary for the world to unite in order to establish guidelines and to make sure the world was safe. He found it easy using the military to aid in enforcing the people’s decisions. Nonetheless, the League of N ations was not a success, after the Second World War, there was a change of the League of Nations to United Nations with a goal to maintain peace globally and assist in financial problems. This has to some point been successful but not totally. It has changed America to being a world wide country. Jacob Coxey was a well-known political figure. He was also an advocate for labor-rights in the late nineteenth and the early twentieth centuries. When he arrived in Washington, he stipulated the centralized government without delay help workers by employing them to work on community projects, for example, roads and buildings that belonged to the government. Coxey also ran for the Populist Party candidate for Ohio governor in 1895 and 1897. In 1895, he got fifty-two thousand votes; however, as the economy improved Coxey's strength diminished. In 1897, he got less than seven thousand votes but still did not give up in politics. Addams became one of the most esteemed and well- known individua ls in the state. This is because she played crucial roles in a number of ongoing campaigns. Addams also played a role as a social outcast which inspired her in writing articles. She was a founding personality in Women the American Civil Liberties Union, American Civil Liberties Union National Association for the Advancement of Coloured People and International League for Peace and Freedom. She was so popular such that when Theodore Roosevelt wanted the presidential appointment of the Progressive Party in 1912. Theodore asked her to second the appointment, and this was a record in history her being the first woman to have participated in this. Addams also wrote books on peace and war in her public career from 1914 till her death. In the last years of her life, she spent less time at Hull-House much of her time working for world peace and to end racism. She died of cancer on May 21, 1935 and left an impressive academic legacy that is yet to be fully discovered. PART TWO Question two G ermany declared the use of sub-marine war on 9th of January, 1917. The main cause of America joining the war was to have a key impact on the First World War. Another reason that might have made America take part in the war was because Wilson Woodrow supposed that if Germany won the First World War then it would be outrageous world wide, and this motivated them was to join the war on the Allied side so as to prevent them from winning. Additionally, the U.S decided to join the war because their sea men were murdered and their trading ships were sunk. Despite their being neutral, this affected their economy considerably and they joined the war on the allied side just to help win the war quickly. An additional reason was because Germany had sent the Telegram for the Zimmerman to the government of Mexico. This is because they had promised significant assistance in recuperating territory lost to USA in the war that involved the Americans and Mexicans amid 1846-1848

Should private armed security officers be required to take additional Dissertation

Should private armed security officers be required to take additional tactical training courses to maintain their licenses - Dissertation Example The study to research these proposed changes will be conducted through field work in which both private armed security personnel are observed and members of the Anti-Terrorism Task Force are observed and members of those teams are interviewed to create supporting case studies. Through an examination that is conducted through the lens of grounded theory and then analyzed through inductive analysis, the information will be gathered and examined through qualitative study techniques. The results of the study are expected to reflect a need for more training and tools for private armed security so that society will be more safely guarded through both private and public law enforcement agents. First Responders: Are We Ready For Another Attack? by Michael Henderson MS, [university], 200X BS, [university], 200X Doctoral Study Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Business Administration Walden University [last month of quarter you plan to graduate] 2 00X Dedication This is an optional page for a dedication. If you include a dedication, use regular paragraph spacing as shown here (not centered, italicized, or otherwise formatted). The acknowledgments should not exceed one page. Acknowledgments This is an optional page for acknowledgments. It is a nice place to thank the faculty, family members, and friends who have helped you reach this point in your academic career. The acknowledgments should not exceed one page. No page number appears on any of the pages up to this point. If you do not wish to include this page, delete the heading and the body text. Table of Contents List of Tabl 4 List of Figures 5 Section 1: Foundation of the Study 6 Background of the Problem 7 Problem Statement 9 Purpose Statement 10 Nature of the Study 11 Research Questions 12 Interview Questions 13 Conceptual Framework 14 Definition of Terms 15 Assumptions, Limitations, and Delimitations 17 Assumptions 17 Limitations 17 Delimitations 18 18 Significance of the Study 18 Contribution to Business Practice 18 Implications for Social Change 19 A Review of the Professional and Academic Literature 19 Terrorism in History 19 Transition and Summary 35 Section 2: The Project 36 Purpose Statement 36 Role of the Researcher 37 Participants 37 Research Method and Design 38 Method 38 Research Design 38 Population and Sampling 41 Ethical Research 41 Data Collection 42 Instruments 42 Data Collection Technique 43 Data Organization Techniques 44 Data Analysis Technique 44 Reliability and Validity 45 Reliability 45 Validity 45 Transition and Summary 45 The nature of this study will be to examine the results of interviews with those who are involved in the professions that are being examined. The interviews and field observations will be used in a qualitative analysis of codified data that is looked at through an analytic lens that defines commonalities and

RELATIONSHIPS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

RELATIONSHIPS - Essay Example We grew up with him for seven years and became the best of friends. Bruno became my playmate and he even learnt to ride a skate board with me. He seemed to have intelligence above that of a dog, not because he was a trained pet but because he had developed human emotional reflexes. Whenever I was sick and could not go out to play, he would lay there beside me as if to say â€Å"you will be ok buddy†. The relationship we had with Bruno was considered weird by many people. I would sit on the front porch at night under the stars, stroke his smooth coat and share a lot of stories with Bruno. I knew he would not talk back but the replies were in his soft whining and the look he had in his eyes. When my family went camping, I always insisted on carrying him along instead of leaving him behind. When I was nine years old, Bruno sadly died after falling ill, the Vet said he could not be saved. This made me sad, I cried and mourned over my departed friend before we buried him in our back yard. I still hold dear the friendship I had with my Bruno the Rottweiler I still believe had a human

Layla and Majnun relation to Sufism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Layla and Majnun relation to Sufism - Essay Example The relation between the legend of Layla and Majnun and Sufism The relation between the legend of Layla and Majnun and Sufism includes the elements like love, madness, life in exile and self-realization. A. Love The theme of the legend of Layla and Majnun is the love between the hero and the heroine and it’s after effects. To be specific, the legend of Layla and Majnun portrays the deep love between Layla and Majnun. Majnun considers that his ultimate aim is to unite with Layla, his beloved. So, he was ready to give up the worldly pleasures for the sake of his love towards Layla. In the legend of Layla and Majnun, the lover considers that his beloved is an inseparable part of his self and him ultimate aim is to be with his lover. He does not consider the obstacles in his life as important because his aim is most noble. His love towards his beloved helps him to suffer a lot in his life. On the other side, a Sufi saint undergoes the same process in his life because he is totally intoxicated with the thought of the search for eternal truth. He does not consider the worldly pleasures as important because his aim is most noble. His life is totally dedicated to the God, who created this universe. He is aware of the fact that worldly pleasures may not lead a person to find out the secret of life or the eternal truth. Instead, one who is ready to discard worldly pleasures can embrace the real love or eternal truth. Besides, Sufism considers that love towards the god is the real love, not the human desire towards worldly pleasures. B. Madness In the legend of Layla and Majnun, the lover becomes totally absorbed by his affection towards his beloved. This can be termed as madness because Majnun gradually began to ignore the real world. But he was not ready to give up his love and began to wander aimlessly. He considered that the imaginary world was the real world and vice versa. This helped him to compare the things in nature with the beauty of Layla. When a dog ap proached him he treats it with due care because it came from his beloved’s place. But when he happens to meet Layla, he totally ignores her. Now, he realizes that his aim was to reach the real love, the love of god. Sinha opined that â€Å"A further view is that the story of Layla- Majnun has merely been adopted by the Sufis as a fitting vehicle for expressing the mystical experience, and has thus subsequently been given a spiritual interpretation by them† (26). Sufism is the straight forward way to the god, without the helpful external forces. Sufism considers that those who are in search of the god do not like to have a mediator. One can see that Majnun’s relationship with the imaginary world acted the role of a veil (say, Layla) between him and the god. When he was able to discard his relationship with the imaginary world (mad love towards Layla), he was able to realize his ultimate aim. So, Majnun’s temporary madness is similar to the feeling of the S ufis. Besides, Majnun was not aware of his ultimate aim and this hindered him for a moment from reaching the same. On the other side, Sufis are aware of their aim and their single minded dedication helps them to attain their aim with ease. C. Life in exile Most love stories portray life in exile is an important factor which builds up the strong bond between the lovers. In the legend of

Communication problem of an international student Essay

Communication problem of an international student - Essay Example I was away from home as well and I missed my family and friends. With all these problems already going on I ended up in a great deal of trouble again. The whole problem started when I was driving my friend to the airport. I dropped my friend off and was on my way back to the hostel. I was driving and had just reached the airport toll when I realized that a police car was coming behind me and it was signaling me to stop. I did not understand what was wrong though I did sense some great problem ahead. I pulled over and two policemen came out of the car. They came forward and started telling me that I had crossed the speed limit set for that road. They fined me and they started telling me other formalities. I was very confused because I had never ended in such a trouble before and also because I was having a communication problem with them due to my weak English. The policemen thought that I did not understand the seriousness of the issue and I was given the punishment of attending cour t the next day. I was very scared because this was the first time that I had been caught by police and on top of that I had actually ended myself in deep trouble and would have to attend court. The next day in court was as difficult as was the experience with the policemen. I was fined heavily and was asked to submit my apology. I complied with the court orders because I did not want anymore issues to arise. This experience was a very difficult one for me. I felt ashamed and guilty that I had not even realized.

Florida electorate's buyer's remorse of governor Rick Scott and Essay

Florida electorate's buyer's remorse of governor Rick Scott and Florida's lack of a recall process - Essay Example Indeed 68% of those interviewed agreed held this viewpoint as shown by the poll results (Brown 1). The State of Legislatures are also sharing same disapproval from the Florida voters just like the governor, and their rating is 56-27% as at may 2011, while in April it was 47-35 (Brown 2). In spite of this low rating of Governor Rick Scott, voters have little option since they cannot send him back home until his term ends. This is because Florida State lacks gubernatorial recall process. This paper thus examines these twin issues facing Florida State, the dissatisfaction of the Florida electorate with Governor Rick Scott and Florida's lack of a gubernatorial recall process. The dissatisfaction of the Florida electorate with Governor Rick Scott Governor Rick Scott does not merely seem more detested, he is, indeed, increasingly getting unpopular. As pointed out by Marc Capato in his â€Å"Poll shows increase in Florida voters' dislike for Gov. Rick Scott† published by Times/Herald , this has been revealed by most recent survey done by Quinnipiac University that involved 1,499 registered voters in Florida. The poll results indicated that 48% of voters disapproved his work as a governor; this was double the figure in a poll done in February, 2011 by the same university. Those who approved his work were merely 35%, showing a decline in the percentage (Capato). However, the Governor in responding to the poll results stated that, he was not worried about the poll results; rather he was concerned with solving problems (Capato). There are varied reasons that have contributed to Scott’s popularity decline, there include economy that is not doing well, with 60% stating their dissatisfaction on how he is running the economy, Power struggles with other legislatures from his Republican party, A recently rejuvenated left that highly dislikes him, and a hard-right governing approach he used that appears to annoy Democrats and independent votes (Capato). Another majo r reason for his declining popularity is his proposed budget. In this budget Scott proposes deep cuts in financing and a layoff of 6,000 jobs of state workers (Capato). In deed, the results from the Quinnipiac University show that over 53% of voters oppose the proposed budget. This is because they view it has unfair to them, only 37% approve the budget measures (Brown 2). A third of voters approve the manner in which the Governor has handled the budget issue, but 55% do not (Capato). The results further show that more that 50% voters feel that the cuts are very drastic, 29% feel the budget is â€Å"okay†, and only 16% feel more cuts should be taken (Capato). However, there is a general agreement that the state’s budget needs to be readdressed as 95% of voters said (Brown 2). According to Brown (2) the numbers on perceived fairness of the budget proposed by the Governor is very critical. He notes that, when voters by nearly 2-1 state that his Scott’s approach to the budget is unfair to them, then that is a big political warning indicator for the Governor (Brown 2). In deed Brown categorically warns that â€Å"when voters think that they are being treated unfairly, they seem to react negatively† (Brown 2). In spite of the new property insurance law that was signed by Scott, voters assert that getting insurance today is more difficulty and more costly. Accordingly, 63% of the polled voters

Women fce greter chllenges thn men in their ttempts to climb to the Essay

Women fce greter chllenges thn men in their ttempts to climb to the top of the corporte ldder - Essay Example More recently, however, there hs been n influx of women into non-trditionl, higher sttus occuptions, nd it ppers tht trditionl ptterns of occuptionl segregtion my be slowly chnging. It is considered, tht women fce greter chllenge thn men in their ttempts to climb top of the corporte ldder. This suggestion hs been mde due to historicl chnges tht took plce in the distribution of gender workforce nd will be discussed lter in this pper. lthough women nd men hve lwys engged in purposeful ctivity, the set of ctivities tht mny people consider work or employment is not lwys cler. Historiclly, men nd women worked side by side together in the fields. Tody, however, distinction is mde between pid, public work externl to the fmily nd unpid, privte work in the home. Ech of these spheres of work hs come to be sex-typed, with pid work being viewed by mny s the domin of mles nd unpid work in the home the domin of femles. These perceptions re chnging but re still deep-seted in mny respects. Historiclly, men nd women hve hd very different experiences of work. Men hve either secured goods or worked externl to the fmily unit, wheres women often hve worked more integrlly s prt of tht unit. Beginning with industriliztion nd continuing to the workplce tody, men's nd women's experiences of work hve vried significntly, lrgely due to the continuing sex segregtion of occuptions. However, with the onset of two world wrs, both Blck nd White women stedily incresed their numbers in the externl, pid workforce. During the 1990s, the mjority of both men nd women, Blck nd White, were employed outside of the fmily unit. The reltions between men nd women - sometimes chrcterised s "wr" - hve since been trnsformed. In the City of London tody, for exmple, some highly pid expectnt mothers ttempt to time their bonus pyments so tht they fll within the reference period used to clculte mternity py entitlements. If they mnge to win bonus between 18 nd 26 weeks before their expected birth dte, they cn receive mternity py mounting to much more thn they ern normlly - nd with the pprovl of the Inlnd Revenue. How much of this chnge is due to the lw, nd how much would hve hppened nywy becuse of economic nd lbour mrket pressures It is, s lwys, difficult to sy. Yet most commenttors rgue the SD hs hd significnt impct on British working culture. "Tody, it is unusul for women to be discriminted ginst directly becuse they re women, which is wht used to hppen," sys Michel Rubenstein, the founder of Equl Opportunities Review, specilist journl. "The discrimintion tht tkes plce now is mostly round women's fmily roles nd resentment of the disruption it cuses." (Overell, 2006). Jmes Cox, n employment prtner t shurst, n interntionl lw firm, sys: "The City [of London] is the lst bstion of old-style employment prctices, where the focus is on working hrd nd ceding your life to your employer nd clients. "But in the lst few yers it hs been hit relly hrd by women tking [employers to] tribunls nd sometimes wlking wy with multimillion-pound compenstion pyments. It is those cses of the lte 1990s, directly due to the SD, tht hve forced the City to chnge its wys." (Overell, 2006). It is only in very recent yers tht there hs been notble rise in the number of people (mostly women) using sex equlity lw to chllenge employers. In 1998-99, 6,200 women took their employers to tribunl; by 2003-4 the figure hd risen to 17,000 people

Psychic Skills Exploration & Development Essay Example for Free

Psychic Skills Exploration Development Essay Introduction: Welcome to my Free Ebook : Psychic Skills Exploration Development. Through this book I will be combining the courses I taught originally. The first part of the book is the very basics, the absolute beginnings of learning to understand the other senses, learning to find and meet with your Spirit Guides and more. The Second part is the content from my more advanced course. It includes a lot of development exercises, things to explore, and more. Although I am not teaching classes in a structured online forum anymore you may like to join the free discussion group that I moderate called Psychic Living (formerly Acheiving Psychic Awareness). In this group we discuss psychic ability and more from a Spiritual perspective that  welcomes and honors all paths as sacred. We also hold topic specific and general chats and have other files of interest etc. You can access the group at http://groups.yahoo.com/ group/psychicliving and feel free to strike up a conversation with like minded folks, use the group features etc. I am also including a list of FAQs. These small chapters will be at the end of the book and will cover questions that many students have asked. You may find some of your questions have been answered previously. If not feel free to email me, and as time allows I will be happy to answer some of your questions. I may even include the answers (anonymously of course) to this book or to the website. There is also a resource chapter at the end of the book with links to great internet sites, other learning resources etc. Keeping with the feel of the original courses I have still included the class projects, assignments, and exercises. Although there are no grades and you dont have to turn them in, please do them for your own growth and benefit. You will learn a lot in the process guaranteed. It is highly recommended that you follow the first part of this book in order, it goes through the first class and then as you move on to the more advanced stuff you can jump around to whatever interests you. The Beginning Psy section is what the rest of the book builds from, so even if you are more adept please work through it first. Also, please know that there are no experts in this arena, and that we all grow and learn in our own ways. Take what resonates with you from this course, and leave behind what doesnt. Feel free to grow and explore in the forum, or to share this book with anyone you feel may enjoy it. You may even offer it as a free Ebook on your site so long as you agree to the following Terms: This book may be distributed FREELY, without Charge, not as a bonus for paying for something else, but FREELY. file:///C|/Business%20Stuff/Tarot%20Site/psychicskillsclass/courseintro.html (1 of 2)3/7/2004 8:54:39 AM Introduction to Psychic Skills Development It must remain UNALTERED, do not edit things out, do not present it as your own work. This book may not be reproduced in any other form without express written permission from the author. It may not be excerpted etc. It must be  distributed in its entirety. If you agree to those very simple terms I encourage you to share this book with others :). Should this book be a help to you, and you find you have learned a lot from it, please consider making a small donation. To date I have received one donation, although hundreds have used this content. I use the proceeds to keep my site up and running and to continue to develop/promote great free content for the seeker. Your gifts are great Karma and greatly appreciated as they allow me to continue to offer great services and information, I thank you 🙂 Click the button below to be taken to a secure server where you can donate any amount every penny helps. Return to Table of Contents file:///C|/Business%20Stuff/Tarot%20Site/psychicskillsclass/courseintro.html (2 of 2)3/7/2004 8:54:39 AM Developing Psychic Abilities: Things to Consider This Free Ebook brought to you by SpiritualGuidanceTarot.com Important Things to Consider Before Persuing This Path I would like to take this time to discuss a few issues that I feel are important to consider. Developing psychic abilities is not the same as pursuing spiritual growth. One does not have to be enlightened at all to use these abilities, this being said it is always important to be cautious about whom you trust, and first and foremost you should learn to trust yourself. Although I do approach psychic ability from a Spiritual perspective, psychic senses are only one aspect of spirituality. Many people get sidetracked on developing these abilities and forget to explore other areas of spiritual growth. This is a mistake, and that is why I am writing this in big bold print on the front of this book. I encourage all of you to further explore and walk your path, the truth will set you free, but each persons path to the truth is uniquely different. Dont expect developing your psychic skills to enlighten you or make your life easy. Psychic skills alone do not hold the keys to magic power or ha ppiness etc. Happiness is not a quest it is  a choice, and work with Spirit is wonderful, but you have to walk your own path. We are all on our personal path to the truth, and many are the paths that lead to it. There are no simple solutions so dont have unrealistic expectations in this area. Psychic abilities can enhance your connection to the Holy Spirit, to your own inner Spirit and help you to be more receptive to assistance from the Angels, Ascended masters, guides etc., but that brings me to my next important point. Dont give away your personal power! I was very surprised when I was teaching these classes online, by the number of people who incorrectly answered a question from the first course. The question said True or False: Spirits always have our best interest at heart and know more than we do so we should always listen to their direction. False is the correct answer, most answered true. I would like to state that it is always important that what you receive feel right to you. Often our ego will tell us what we want to hear and mask itself as spiritual guidance. There is a part of each of us that wants to be in control, when we branch out into these areas, our ego feels challenged, this can lead us to color some of the advice we receive. One of the most difficult parts of the process is learning to be objective when dealing with yourself. This requires a willingness to be extremely honest, facing parts of yourself you may not want to accept right away. Also, as on earth, sometimes you will encounter many different personalities, not all have your best interest at heart. To be sure you are receiving good advice remember the following: Spirit will never tell you what you have to do, they may show you different options, nudge you in a certain direction, but they will never demand you to do anything. If you spirit guide is a drill sergeant, chances are you are communicating with your own subconscious or ego, and not Spirit Spirit Guides, Angels, and the Masters are here to support and lend guidance and teaching, they are not going to solve your problems or walk your path for you. Dont have unrealistic expectations, you are file:///C|/Business%20Stuff/Tarot%20Site/psychicskillsclass/thingstoconsider.html (1 of 3)3/7/2004 8:54:39 AM Developing Psychic Abilities: Things to Consider  here to learn, and they are your mentors, not your mommies. I know many who  get angry that their guides dont tell them what they want to hear, or tell them what they should do. A teacher who has your best interest at heart adn wants to love you and watch you grow is not going to give you the answers. You are here to learn, and it would be a disservice to you if you were not encouraged to stretch and grow for yourself. Truth is, there is no growth without effort and growing pains. You get the idea ;). If in doubt ASK. A true guardian spirit doesnt care if you ask him/her to identify him/herself, or if you need a little assurance. If you get negative feedback from asking for validation chances are you are not talking to an enlightened being and/or you are talking to your subconscious again. Fear and old programming do funny things to the human psyche, and as you work through these chances are you may face some demons from your own subconscious. These are most often your own fears made manifest. Knowing what this is can help you work through these things more comfortably. There is a saying that says You are what you fear I dont remember the origin offhand, but it does hold great truths. Spirit will always talk to you with respect, which doesnt mean that they dont tell you how it is, or sometimes share things that youd rather not hear. There is a degree of integrity like no other, and they expect that respect and integrity to be reciprocated, so approach this with an open heart and mind, gratitude and respect folks:) use discernment, and know that you are in control of your own destiny. I recommend getting in touch with your soul first, work through any fears or misgivings you may have, we touched on this a bit previously, but many people have a big sense of disconnection from God/ Creator and this needs to be bridged to be the most successful. Cultivate a habit of expressing gratitude and compassion. These two emotions come from purity of spirit and not from ego, remembering to be thankful and compassionate brings humility, and shows your sincerity. This is where our true power lies, in our spirit, not our minds ;). Again, lets review. Psychic abilities and the extra senses are present in all beings. Some choose to develop them from a place of ego, to impress people, or to try to control others. Unfortunately, as with any other skill it can be used for noble intentions, and for purposes not so noble. I choose to persue psychic skills from a spiritual perspective, where they become a tool along the individuals spiritual path to God and to Self-Realization. I know some write to me and say I dont  believe in God you shouldnt teach that God is necessary. Well Im sure for these people that is correct, but for my experience, a connection to God is necessary because that is who I am. I believe God to be the inherint intelligence and source of energy present within and beyond all beings. I believe we all are connected through the same source ie God. My beliefs however arent important, they arent the only ones, and anyone with any belief system can use this course. I wont modify it however ;), so you will get bits and pieces of my own philosophy throughout. I can only share my perspective. If it offends, then this course may not be for you. As with anything in life, take what works for you and leave behind what does not. file:///C|/Business%20Stuff/Tarot%20Site/psychicskillsclass/thingstoconsider.html (2 of 3)3/7/2004 8:54:39 AM Developing Psychic Abilities: Things to Consider I recognize these abilities to have great healing capacity, and to be empowering. That being said developing psychic skills is not synonymous with spiritual growth spiritual growth is a life long process embarked on by each individual soul. Some people mistakingly believe that developing psychically will make them more enlightened or spiritual and therefor make life easy. Those who believe this are often in for a big disappointment. It is also important to say here that it is important not to become distracted by psychic abilities again it is only one aspect of development. They are a tool, not the be all and end all. If you get hung up on it you stop growing and then the abilities that were intended to be for your highest good end up sabotaging you. You should be willing to continue to persue growth in all areas. Love and blessings, and enjoy exploring the rest of the book 🙂 Return to Contents file:///C|/Business%20Stuff/Tarot%20Site/psychicskillsclass/thingstoconsider.html (3 of 3)3/7/2004 8:54:39 AM Download Free eBook Psychic Skills Development Free e-Book Psychic Skills Exploration Development This book combines much of the information that was contained in my psychic development classes. I dont teach classes formally any longer, so I decided to make the information available for free. This book provides a comprehensive look at psychic abilities, what they are, how they work, and how to develop them through a variety of activities and exercises. Main Menu As this is another free resource I am providing I ask that all of you respect a few rules. Please download only one copy to save on Bandwidth. The more copies downloaded the more I have to pay in server fees. If you dont want a copy on your PC, you can also view all of the content online as well HERE Please feel free to share it with others, but Please do NOT alter the content, sell the book, or use it as an incentive to get other people to buy your products/services etc. Other than that, Im pretty flexible ;). So, if you agree to these simple terms you can begin your download below. This file is an executable file .exe format. Download it to your computer and save it on your own harddrive. keep track of what folder you save it to, then click it and it runs itself. *Please note I am revamping this file to add more material to it and to fix a couple of bugs, this file will be placed again for download ASAP. In the meantime enjoy reading the material on the site. This Free Ebook brought to you by www.MysticalTreasures.net Below is one of several articles I have written. If you would like to read more of my writing visit my public portfolio for a range of different self-improvement/psychic related articles Psychic Phenomenon: Gifts, Powers, or Abilities? In my work as a psychic who seeks to mentor those developing their own skills, I find it important to discuss this subject. I refer to psychic abilities as just what they are skills or abilities. The other terms, gifts and powers, I find to be damaging as they infer that this is unattainable by others, or that psychic senses are much more â€Å"supernatural† than they actually are. Often I hear others speak of their developing abilities as â€Å"gifts†, as though they were so special that God gave them this unique and special ability and not others. Unfortunately, many famous psychics also do this, insinuate that some great mystical super-secret society power has been bestowed on them. This is harmful to those who would love to develop psychically but feel that they â€Å"arent enough† somehow, or havent been â€Å"chosen†. Are psychic abilities gifts? Indeed they are. Those of us who have developed them recognize that we are blessed, but I also recognize that every breath I take on this planet is also a gift. I also know that we all breathe. Therefor oxygen, while still a beautiful, precious gift that should not be taken for granted, is something that we can all partake in. Psychic ability is no different. Just as everyone can pick up a  pencil and write with it, everyone can also learn to develop the intuition to some degree. Not everyone will become a pulitzer prize winning novelist, or famous poet, but that doesnt stop all of the rest of us from writing, so why should it stop beginners in Metaphysical studies from even trying? It is amazing to me the number of people who come to me and say â€Å"I dont think I am gifted† or â€Å"Can you tell me if I have gifts?†. My answer: Are you standing here, breathing, having a life experience right now? then yes you are gifted. The key is not focusing on lack or what one doesnt have, but appreciating what is. What we believe tends to become self-fulfilling prophecy. Psychic abilities are not elusive foreign phenomenon that only the chosen few can bring forward, they are an innate set of senses, hidden deep within the psyche and soul of each being that must be allowed to come forward. Many people dont agree with this, they believe that because they want psychic abilities that they must already be allowing it and it just isnt coming. This is very untrue. Developing these skills means adjusting to a different reality that what is presently understood and accepted both by society and the individual. The body/mind have a natural resistance to this in place as a protective mechanism. In order to reach our fullest potential psychically, we have to work at peeling away the barriers. It can take considerable time and effort to allow these abilities to manifest to their fullest potential, and as with anything worth having they require sincerity, persistence, and dedication. file:///C|/Business%20Stuff/Tarot%20Site/psychicskillsclass/psyskills.html (1 of 2)3/7/2004 8:55:01 AM Untitled We live in a society that pushes heavily the â€Å"instant gratification† syndrome, and this tends to cause many developing psychics to throw in the towel much to soon. When we add the stigma of â€Å"being gifted† to it, many dont even try at all. They are falsely led to believe that these abilities just manifest in others who have been fortunate enough to have them bestowed upon them by Creator. News Flash, God/ Creator loves all of creation, so why then would He/She/It only give gifts to some of the Earths children and not  to all? Thats not unconditional love, but it is a human condition ;). Every one of you reading this also has psychic ability, and yes it is a gift, but so is everything else. Another word I hear misused a lot is â€Å"powers†. Psychic ability does not give us â€Å"power† over anyone, and those psychics who believe it does usually find their careers short-lived, or find that Karma catches up eventually. Any genuine psychic is humbl e enough to tell people that they too can do what he/she is doing. A good psychics goal is to empower others not to wield some false sense of power over them. When I hear psychics and/or aspirants refer to their â€Å"powers† it is one of my biggest pet peeves. That word implies not only that it is a super secret society elite thing again, but also propogates fear and contributes to the already abounding social ignorance surrounding psychic phenomenon. Those who do this to puff up their own egos by portending they have super-hero like â€Å"powers† make it difficult for genuine psychics to get established and the outlook for ever being taken seriously in our field becomes even more grim. I have the upmost respect for psychics and healers as well, who seek to empower others by demystifying this process. John Edward is one prime example of a mainstream psychic who has done a lot of work in this area. Thanks to his work, more people are seeing this as something that is not just a power for the chosen ones, but something anyone with the dedication to do so can develop. I hope that as more of us establish our careers we will also take the â€Å"high road† and continue to promote more personal empowerment and less hocus-pocus. Knowledge is the true â€Å"power†. *~*~*~*~*~*~*~* Christin Snyder is an author, psychic, mentor, and pesonal success coach. She works on demystifying psychic phenomenon and helping others to expand their consciousness. Visit her website today for free guided meditations, spiritual guidance tarot readings, free psychic skills development courses and more: http://www.spiritualguidancetarot.com Return to Table of Contents file:///C|/Business%20Stuff/Tarot%20Site/psychicskillsclass/psyskills.html (2 of 2)3/7/2004 8:55:01 AM Untitled This Free Ebook brought to you by www.MysticalTreasures.net Formatting Journals to help you through this book and the course contents: Formatting your Main Journal For your main class journal, I recommend buying a binder with loose-leaf paper and divider tabs. This allows you to move things around, and easily keep things divided into organized sections. You can add and remove material also. You will want a journal section for each part of the course. Exercises should be recorded in your journals. Also post to it daily if you are able about any insights you receive etc. You will enjoy referring back to this later on. Spend some time on your journal. It doesnt have to be expensive, but spend some time making it and personalizing it. Make it special and all your own. As time goes on through the course you will get very attached to your journal and it will hold reviews of all of yoru progress. I can tell you that honestly through this process I often neglected my journal, thinking I wouldnt forget certain experiences etc.. and I really regretted later on that I didnt write things down as I worked on them. That practice would have saved me a lot of repetition and heartache, so please be persistent in keeping yoru preogress recorded. You will be glad you did. Formatting your Dream Journals: Dream journals are personal and all your own. I suggest having two sections, one where you record dreams, and another where you list your common symbols, recurring themes, anything extraordinary that occurs, etc. This will be your own window into your soul, and developing your own personal dream dictionary of sorts is far more effective than using a standard dream dictionary. Although some meanings are somewhat universal, that isnt necessarily true. I suggest a small journal that can be kept easily and unobtrusively by your bedside. This will ensure easy access enabling you to record more of your dream experiences. If you find that writing dreams down doesnt work for you and you are able, buy a small tape recorder and keep that by your bed. When you wake you can record a message for yourself. This may also help those of you who forget very quickly upon waking. Return to Table of Contents file:///C|/Business%20Stuff/Tarot%20Site/psychicskillsclass/journals.html (1 of 2)3/7/2004 8:55:0 1 AM Untitled file:///C|/Business%20Stuff/Tarot%20Site/psychicskillsclass/journals.html (2 of 2)3/7/2004 8:55:01 AM Psychic Skills Exploration Development This Free Ebook brought to you by MysticalTreasures.net Beginning Psychic Skills Development : Lesson I Learning to Still the Mind This is the first step in learning basic meditation methods and in preparing yourself to receive the subtle messages of Spirit communication. Our first lesson delves into learning to relax our conscious mind. Often this is the most difficult part of the whole process, learning to still our thoughts and come to an inner sense of calm quiet. Remember this is a new habit you are developing and plan on sticking with it without immediate gratification. More than learning to absolutely silence the mind, it is more of a process of learning to take control of your mind/thoughts. Knowing where they go and why, and how to bring them back to center and quiet them as much as possible. You will want to work with this lesson first, until you are fairly comfortable with it before attempting to move forward. This is important so that you proceed step by step and not sabotage yourself by trying to do everything at once. Even if you are an all or nothing type, please do this step by step, taking as much time between lessons as you need. 🙂 Youll be happier with the results if you do. It is important to learn how to control and be conscious of our thoughts and emotions to be effective as a psychic and/or to be successful in meeting our guides. By being able to control our response to outside stimulus, we are better able to tune in to the more subtle frequencies involved in using the extra senses and/or communicating with spirit. There are a few things to remember: 1) Dont struggle trying to force your mind to be silent, in the struggle itself you create more thoughts and sabotage the process. You should not latch on to thoughts either, let them float by you, acknowledging your willingness to release them. 2) If you dont succeed at first dont give up. It takes time to  develop a new habit. Dont be hard on yourself if you just dont get it the first few times. .. anything worth doing is worth the effort, and trust me this is worth the effort. the benefits are not just in developing psychically, the benefits of meditation are numerous and include increased energy, clearer thought process, improved health on many levels. 3) Remember to find a time where you will not be interupted and a place as free from outside interference as possible. No music, TV, etc. There are times when you can use soothing music, but for the purpose of psychic development it is best to have a very quiet environment. It makes it easier to pick up on subtle energies around you. As you start, you may wish to select a specific time of day, each day or as many days a week as you can. You will want to start off with a 5 minute time frame which you can increase as you progress. By choosing a specific time of day you are developing a habit, conditioning a response pattern and preparing your body and mind for the process of Meditation. file:///C|/Business%20Stuff/Tarot%20Site/psychicskillsclass/lessonI.html (1 of 3)3/7/2004 8:55:01 AM Psychic Skills Exploration Development Once you have become more adept at relaxation and meditaiton you can remove the scheduled time and increase your meditation time, but for our purposes here, 5 minutes per day at around the same time if possible. Use this time to just deeply relax and become aware of yourself, the environment you are in, etc. etc. Total awareness naturally expands the consciousness. Remove yourself from as much outside interference as possible.. if earplugs or covering the eyes helps you please consider adding them to your routine. Learning to Relax the Mind: Once you are ready to begin, stretch out and release any tensions you may be feeling in the body. You will want to do this exercise sitting and not laying down as we dont want to indicate to the body that it is time to sleep, just simply relax. Sit in a comfortable but firm chair, not one that you slump down into.. you want to sit up straight with your back against the back of the chair, feet flat on the floor, and arms either rested gently on th e arms of the chair, or down to your sides. You should be in an attentive but relaxed position. Once you are  situated take a deep breath in through the nose and breath out through the mouth making the exhale longer than the inhale. As you exhale focus on pushing out any negative emotions, stress, etc that you may have built up within you. Do 3 -5 breaths, whatever it takes to help you start to feel the body relax. Each breath should have you relaxing even further. Once you have done this just sit with your eyes closed. Try to just focus on the stillness. If thoughts seem to keep coming dont struggle against them trying to push them down just allow them to come and go gently. Remove yourself from your thoughts and watch them float by. You Don t want to attempt to catch them and analyze them, and you dont want to struggle against them they just are, you just are. You can also do a visualization. Imagine yourself sitting in a quiet theater, there is a screen in front of you. On the screen appears anything that you need to know, that your higher self wishes you to know. Dont try to analyze the symbols, colors, or other messages, let them float on the screen. Here there is no time limits , pressures, or outside influences, this is just you in the fullness of the present moment without regard to past or future. Enjoy being in this moment a while longer and then gradually bring yourself back with a cleansing breath. Repeat this exercise until you have come to a place where you are comfortable in redirecting random thoughts for a minute or more before moving on. This most likely will not happen right away, so please dont get discouraged. Continue to practice this daily as you can. As you get into this more you will find the time you spend may naturally increase just because of the sheer pleasure of taking a break from our busyness. Thats great and even if you dont get this right file:///C|/Business%20Stuff/Tarot%20Site/psychicskillsclass/lessonI.html (2 of 3)3/7/2004 8:55:01 AM

Narrative In The Sixth Sense Film Studies Essay

Narrative In The Sixth Sense Film Studies Essay A films narrative is quite a vital element to any film, without a good narrative we are left with a jumbled piece of film that does not adhere to a plausible chain of events, leaving us the viewer with no sense of the writer or directors intention. Our initial narrative expectations before we view this film clip ( 06:35 11:35) would have been limited at the time of the films release. The reason for this is that the film The Sixth Sense (1998) was the Writer/Director M.Night.Shyalamans first real major mainstream film. However being just over ten years since it was released, we are now more familiar with his narrative style, for example we are more aware that there is going to be some kind of plot twist in a thrilling/ supernatural or even mild horror format. Also for this particular film clip the previews give us a clear indication that the film is a supernatural thriller, from the hushed tone of voice to the cold beats between dialogue, that lead us up the path of conclusion. This particular five minute sequence begins with the protagonist (Malcolm) and his wife entering their bedroom, slightly intoxicated having just celebrated together, setting up a feeling of safety and security that most associate with retiring to the bedroom. This feeling is instantly subdued by the directors decision to input the sound of the phone beeping, having been knocked off its receiver it gives us a real sense of emergency that helps the viewer to relate to the situation immediately. Having now set the situation that leads to Malcolm being shot, and unknowingly to the viewer, killed. Shyalaman has created a catalyst for the films progression, although unlike a typical detective films narrative such as Sherlock Holmes, which tend to be more omniscient, we are not aware of the true facts that are occurring, so we are unable to begin piecing the plot together. Thus unusually we do not realise just how pivotal this five minute scene is at the time. With most other films we are i nvited to piece together clues slowly until we discover the truth, normally around the same time as the protagonist, Bordwell and Thompson note: We make sense of narrative, then, by identifying its events and linking them by cause and effect, time, and space. As viewers, we do other things as well. We often infer events that are not explicitly presented, and we recognize the presence of material that is extraneous to the story world. In order to describe how we manage to do these things, we can draw distinction between story and plot. (Bordwell Thompson, Pg 80). This I feel is a well organised, intentional event that the director chose to do, increasing the impact of the affect at the end of the film (even if Shyalaman later admitted that Malcolm actually being dead, was not added until the fifth draft of the films script). The only information we are privy to as a viewer in this clip, is the story duration which takes us back ten years to 1989, it is the events from the protagonists past that have a major connection with what is happening in the present and it is this story progression that we actually see, although the plot point itself is disguised as a fade to black into the next scene, revealing that Malcolm is seemingly alive and well with the written legend Next Fall, South Philadelphia. But Secretly the narrative has changed, the character that has acted as an agent and made this change possible is Vincent Gray, it is his emotional issues related to his childhood that connected him with Malcolm that ultimately leads to the event that takes place, subsequently altering the potential path of the protagonist. The spacing of such events are well defined, as in such a short amount of screen time we are exposed to the the back story dating back ten years, gradually building the story until we reach the plot point at the end of the clip. Finally establishing the mood of the film and creating its supernatural tone, which typically of Shyalamans style, frequently tends to have Philadelphia as its backdrop which creates a cold and creepy diagesis, or it could just be he was raised in Philadelphia, either way it works. We also feel as though we are witnessing the events from Malcolms point of view, even though there are only a couple of shots from his angle. This could be because when we are not seeing what he is seeing, we are viewing his reaction to everything. Something I find very important to the story of any film, forming a certain type of bond with the character. Syd Field shares the importance of this in his book, Screenplay: The foundations of screen writing, When you think about it, underneath this skin of ours were really the same, you and I; certain things unite us. We share the same needs, the same wants, the same fears and insecurities; we want to be loved, have people like us, be successful, happy, and healthy. (Syd Field, pg 63). M.Night.Shyalaman establishes most of these things that unite us, in this five minute clip as such things a fear, stress, anger, disappointment and abandonment enter the script, we instantly gain a rapport with the main character. This is something I find with Shyalaman films, his style is not just the plot twist like he creates in this clip, but he subtly creates this bond between the protagonists of his films and the viewer, although having said that, the genius or salient technique of this film clip would have to be the way Shyalaman uses his narrative writing skills to disguise the twist throughout the film, Jennifer Van Stilj explains the comparison of Shyalamans genius with that of Sigmund Freud, Shyamalans script is a masterful dance between Freuds concepts of the conscious, that information the audience is aware of knowing; and the unconscious, that information it is unaware it knows. It is Shyamalans use of the unconsciousness, specifically that part that Freud termed the preconscious, which produces the psychological roller coaster ride we experience. (Van Stilj, Jennifer. www.writersstore.com). Such acclaim for Shyalamans clever use of narrative is quite widespread with many critics sharing this opinion, so much so, Shyalaman has now made his reputation in his field and created a narrative expectation for his audience that he did not have before. The most important role that narrative plays in this film and especially in this five minute clip is the creation of almost a second story line running along side the one we are viewing, Erlend Lavik puts it, We come to realize the presence of another fabula running parallel to the first one but beneath it, hidden from view. Once we become aware of it, though, everything in the syuzhet takes on new meaning. We are instantly compelled to return to the outset of the story and, based on our remembrance of the account given, try to follow the correct fabula this time, the one that was invisible to us at first, even though it was present all along. (Lavik,Erlend.p55-64). Therefore the importance of the this narrative technique makes the whole film what it is, without it we would have a simple yet entertaining supernatural thriller that would have otherwise caused less of a fanfare with critics. The web is full of reviews, blogs and even forums dedicated to this single, clever piece of nar rative writing that leaves us thinking and even scrutinising any possible flaw or opinion of the film, Shyalaman himself quotes, I think that even with The Sixth Sense from that first weekend, the films are not seen the way they are. They are seen through some aberration, some wavy glass. I can just hope that the glass gets clearer over time. (M.NIght.Shyalaman, TimesOnline). So as important as we may feel the narrative is in this or any film, the definitive thing is how we interpret what the creators have given us, what we feel was important may not of been the intention, instead we each have our own criteria of importance for what makes the film work.

Energy Consumption and Economic Activity

Energy Consumption and Economic Activity Abstract Nowadays, most analysts agree that energy is crucial for the global economic output, as it constitutes the backbone of international economy. Global trade, industry and ultimately our current lifestyle could not be maintained without it. As the world economy improves and new opportunities are created, it is expected that energy demand will increase significantly in the future. In recent decades, its significant role is understood by a lot of business sectors and academics, who investigate systematically the relationship between energy and economic development. The objective of this study is to examine the causal relationship between energy consumption and economic activity. More specifically, in the first part of the study the basic goal is the brief presentation of the indices that will be used to define and understand the term of economic growth and the contribution of energy in the process of economic development, and the second part presents the panel data econometric investigation of statistical package Stata with a view to investigate the existence or non existence of a causal relationship between the variable energy consumption and economic growth. The empirical analysis is performed along a check. Specifically, the set of test examines whether the consumption of electricity affects economic growth. The analysis focuses on a specific sample of countries comprising the 28 member states of the European Union. In addition it is significant to underline that for this econometric approach the economic development will be expressed through the human development index (HDI for consecutive years from 2010 to 2014), which is the most widely used measure o f development, while in terms of energy, the variable is the per capita electricity consumption (EPC for consecutive years from 2010 to 2014). While there is a long tradition in economics of development, in the last few years the term economic development has become part of our daily lives. Sustainable, green, urban, regional are just some of the characterizations weve seen, in various publications, articles, books and statements of personalities of the political, economic and academic space, to accompany the development. What do we mean by economic development and why the last few years it has gained so much importance? Its not easy to give a comprehensive and clear answer to the questions above. To get to the definition of the term development, it is good to begin from the examination of another term, that of growth. There are not few those who confuse the two terms. However, it is important to stress that the two terms are not identical. While so, when we look at the economic growth the focus of attention is directed at a very specific variable, the GDP(Gross Domestic Product), the study of economic growth it is difficult to focus on only one factor. The difficulty in this lies in the multidimensional nature of economic development as a concept. So according to all of the above, the concept of economic development is a changing, dynamic concept with a strong element of progression. This fact makes difficult the precise definition of. However, the diversification of the economic growth is evident. Indicators to measure the Development Of The measurement of development and in particular sustainable ÃŽ ±ÃŽ ½ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¬Ãâ‚¬Ãâ€žÃâ€¦ÃŽ ¾ÃŽ ·Ãâ€š3, as has been mentioned above is a challenge due to the multidimensional and dynamic nature of the.The investigation and measurement of development requires a series of indicators that touch the economic, social, environmental and institutional sphere in order to form an overall picture of the level of the country under consideration. Human Development Index Through the official page of the United Nations, and, more specifically, the first Report on Human Development introduced for the first time a new index for measuring development, the Human Development Index (Hyman Development Index). This indicator comprises three individual indices: life expectancy, educational attainment and income. Life expectancy is calculated with the average life expectancy at birth of an individual, the level of education sums the adult proportion of the population that knows the bible and the enrollment rates in primary, secondary and tertiary education and end the income represented by the real GDP per capita. The prices of the hdi range in a scale with the lowest point of the zero and superior to the unit and is essentially the non-weighted numeric average of the three above indicators. The gradient on the basis of which separate the countries according to the values of the following Countries of High Human Development The importance of the index and the contribution of a marker was decisive, since by the time that was put at the disposal of economists is perhaps the most popular indicator for measuring development. Europe and Economic Development The European Union acting as a single market consisting of 28 countries, has evolved into a global trading power. Covering only 7 % of the worlds population, the EUs trade with the rest of the world, nearly 20% of total world exports and imports. Important part of this commercial success is due to the free movement of goods within the European borders, after two-thirds of the total trade of EU countries is with other countries of the European Union . The economic displacement is indisputable if one takes into account that the GDP is now larger than that of the united states (Page, 2014). Despite the fact that the European Union is challenged in the last few years from a severe recession , the efforts for a closer cooperation between the member create hopes for new, innovative and environmentally friendly investment projects that will create the right conditions for lasting development and prosperity. The above data demonstrate a robust economy Ï€Ï ÃŽ ¿ÃŽ ´ÃŽ ¹ÃŽ ±ÃŽ ¸ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ­Ãâ€žÃâ€°ÃŽ ½Ãâ€žÃŽ ±Ãâ€š equally good performance in terms of the level not only of quantitative but also of qualitative variables of economic development. Seeing a total of the scores of the table hdi, the countries of the European Union seems to indicate a high score. However, this observation is only one side of the coin. A careful reading of this index indicates variations in prices between states, and between the different regions within the same country. In accordance with the Table these differences are apparent by creating the following groups of countries: The Nordic countries (Norway, Iceland, Sweden, Finland, Denmark), the English-speaking (Uk, Ireland) and the countries of Western Europe (Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, France, Germany, Austria, Switzerland) to create a set of countries with a head start in terms of GDP per capita. The countries of Southern Europe (Spain, Portugal, Ital y, Greece, Cyprus, Malta) are the second group of countries, introducing a lag in the per capita GDP in relation to the leading countries of Northwestern Europe. Finally, the countries of Eastern Europe (Hungary, Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia ), Baltic countries (Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia) as well as Romania and Bulgaria are significantly lower prices with regard to GDP per capita. As we have seen in this chapter the measurement of growth is carried out through a series of indicators. Eu and energy The concept of energy is inextricably linked with the European Union. Wouldnt it be excessive if it is supported it is one that the current european edifice owes its existence to the energy and the importance of the role of the wider region. Production, consumption and structure of energy in Europe  in accordance with the table below, the gross inland energy consumption in the European Union in 2012, appears to show a slight fall of 1% in relation to the measurements of   2011. The consumption of petroleum (crude oil and other products/petroleum derivatives) still has a leading role in the European economy, while natural gas has established itself as the second most important source of energy. The solid fossil fuels (e.x. coal, lignite) are losing more and more ground in the pie of energy resources, soil, winning the renewable energy sources which are currently in the last place in the table. The advantage over the RES still retains the nuclear energy which is the pre-last option of the Europeans in terms of energy sources. On the other hand, the primary energy production in the European territory remains unchanged over the last two years to 33 million TJ (Tera Joule). The predictions, however, regarding the future rates of energy production are not particularly favorable, as well as decreasing trends are observed in the production of oil, natural gas, solid fossil fuels and nuclear energy. A positive evolution is taking place in the part of the RES, where it is observed only an increase in the production of energy by 9%. The greatest reductions are detected in order to oil products and natural gas. Nuclear energy in spite of the reductions that were initiated in the last years, still represents the largest source of primary energy production in the European Union. Finally, the hesitant entrance of non-renewable waste in the table remains almost unnoticed, with a rate that does not exceed 2%. Observing ones tables understands easily the main points of concern of European leaders with regard to energy issues. The structure of final energy consumption in each country and the overall European rates in accordance with the table attest to the increased energy needs for oil and natural gas. The board, in turn, confirms the difficulty of Europe in responding to the coverage of energy needs. This gap arises in the energy balance is covered through the import of energy. The investigation happened in the first chapter, set some basic foundations for the understanding of the term economic development and for the importance of the factor energy in the context of the economy. Also in the previous chapter reference was made to the level of economic development in the European area (in terms of quantitative but also the qualitative side of development) and a brief review of the energy strategy of Europe in matters of energy production and consumption , composition of resources, but also the problem of energy dependence, mainly from Russia. The focus of interest in the European area that was in the first section followed by an empirical analysis in order to examine the possibility of a small the larger relationship between economic growth and energy consumption. More specifically, the second part consists of a brief econometric investigation which will be carried out through the statistical program STATA, in order to examine the possibility of a relationship of causality between economic growth and energy consumption. In other words, in this section, the main objective is to examine whether the energy consumption affects economic growth. More specifically, the second part consists of a brief econometric investigation which will be carried out through the statistical program STATA, in order to examine the possibility of a relationship of causality between economic growth and energy consumption. In other words, in this section, the main objective is to examine whether the energy consumption affects economic growth. Variables: In most studies of this kind of economic development are examined through a particular pointer that is none other than the GDP. In the first part, made specific reference to the different meaning of the term economic development and economic growth, where it was noted that the GDP as an indicator is suitable for measurement of growth but insufficient for measuring development. So in this analysis, the economic growth will be expressed through the human development index (HDI for years 19952010)11, which is the most popular indicator for measuring development. In terms of energy, the first variable is the per capita consumption of electricity (kilowatt hour/capita for the years 19952010) 12, and the second is the per capita natural gas consumption (cubic meter/capita for the years 1995 2010) As it   has been pointed out above, until today, the existing empirical findings on the causal relationship between energy consumption and economic growth is not characterized by uniformity. This is because the econometric approach, time periods and the sample of countries analyzed in each survey vary significantly. the results of The econometric study suggest that there is no causal relationship between energy consumption (per capita electricity consumption and per capita consumption of natural gas) and the index of human development for the countries of the European Territory(with the exception of Cyprus and Malta). At this point, we should mention the limitations that existed in the econometric investigation. The econometric analysis ideally would be in the data/observations of at least 30 consecutive years(19802010). Most countries, however, are characterized by incomplete statistics, during the period from 1980 to the early 90s, which limited the possibilities of analysis on data/ observations 16 consecutive years (19952010). Finally, the application of the above econometric analysis variables and the consumption of energy derived from renewable energy sources is an interesting option for future research, as well as the existing statistical data for the use of renewable energy sources is not enough. Also, the application of the analysis in most of the development indicators would offer a more integrated position.