Asian Emigration Patterns, Similarities, and Perspectives essays

Asian Emigration Patterns, Similarities, and Perspectives essays Meantime, the first pattern of arrivals of Asians to America - in any significant numbers - were the Chinese, in who were pushed out of their homeland but also drawn to the opportunities for employment in Hawaii, the American West, and British Columbia. There were also Korean, Filipino and Japanese immigrants who followed a second pattern, which was bolstered by a vigorous recruitment effort on the part of sugar plantation owners in Hawaii. The cultivation of sugar was a growth industry in Hawaii, and workers were needed, and were welcomed from those three Asian nations. The third pattern of Asian immigrants mentioned by the author was groups of "Asian Indians" (people from the northwestern region of India) who purchased passage to Canada and the Pacific Coast of America. These three patterns of immigration into the U.S. and Canada, by Asians from five different nations were only a small part of a much larger "global phenomenon" occurring in this time period - and the author describes it thoroughly on page 4. "The capitalist form of production, under which goods are produced for sale in order to make the largest profit possible and workers receive wages for selling their labor," appeared first in England, then elsewhere in Western Europe, and then in the United States. Workers were moved across "national boundaries to enable entrepreneurs to exploit natural resources in more and more parts of the world," Chan continues. The colonial governments such as England, in many cases, were not hesitant to bring in workers from the far corners of the globe when the indigenous populations in those conquered colonies could not provide a sufficient workforce for the exploitation of the natural resources in those colonies. That was a large part of the global phenomenon of workers moving from place to place - beyond the basic emigration which was already taking place...

Degration of Women essays

Degration of Women essays Since the beginning of civilization, homosexual relationships have been looked down upon and condemned. The infamous story of Sodom and Gomorrah, which is taken from The Holy Bible, gives a detailed account of Gods own intolerance of homosexuality. But, as time moves on and the attitudes of the masses change, we find ourselves moving towards a society that seemingly tolerates actions that were once seen as abominable. The blatant use of sexuality as an advertisement tool, the insurgence of talk shows such as The Jerry Springer Show, and a music industry that routinely sells materials that degrade women and advocate the use of recreational drugs seem to be the calling cards of modern society. Over the years, the United States Armed Forces has made a conscious effort to maintain a sense of morality and discipline in an ever-changing world. We are an institution of proud men and women who have volunteered our lives to the nations defense. We have the awesome task of not only accomplishing a wartime mission, but, living together in tense, limited facilities that do not always accommodate ones need for comfort and convenience. After saying all of these things about the military, as I know it to be, I have to give careful consideration to the topic of this essay. When the armed forces oppose openly homosexual service members, what are we opposed to? In 1999, Senator Bill Bradley and former Vice President Al Gore expected members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff to let homosexuals openly serve in the military. What they received was a backlash of military leadership that opposed the changes due to fears that unit cohesion would decay throughout the armed forces. However, living in a more tolerant society would eventually usher in the Dont ask, dont tell policy. The Army Command Policy (Army Regulation 600-20) allows homosexuals to serve in the military under the con ...

Doing Business in Martinique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Doing Business in Martinique - Essay Example Under the CARIFORUM-EPA agreement countries like Jamaica that are English speaking Caribbean countries have the opportunity to carry out trade in goods and services with the French overseas territories like Martinique as well as other countries like French Guiana and Guadeloupe. Doing business in Martinique can be a good opportunity for the investors due to the cultural, economic, social and political factors that favor the development of business in Martinique. For instance, the main exports from Jamaica to the Martinique are food products like shrimps, lobsters, and crustaceans. Therefore, there remains room for the diversification of the goods and the expansion of the services. France is the main trading partner with Martinique but still there remains a vast untapped opportunity for Martinique due to the relatively lower prices. If an investor is considering entering in the service sector (service exporters), he or she should take a keen interest in a multitude of factors such as language, and the entry requirements. However, in terms of the entry requirements, they are similar to those of France especially when you are considering the service sector (businessmonitor.com, n.d.). For instance, Sam Kruiner, an Advisor at the Caribbean Export Development Agency (CEDA) during a presentation shared the information on support of CEDA, which has encouraged investors and countries to trade in Martinique. The agency carries activities such as workshops, seminars and studies and the development of the Creative Industries and Sports Tourism in collaboration with Martinique in order to promote business (Worldtravelguide.net, n.d.). The national currency of Martinique is Euros and its balance of payments as at 2006, exports US$ 818 million and imports US$ 3,483 million. The agriculture contributes 6%, services 72% and industry 15%. The inflation rate as of 2005 was 2.4%. Martinique’s economy is characterized by chronic balance

Pathophysiology of Late Onset Alzheimer's Disease Research Paper

Pathophysiology of Late Onset Alzheimer's Disease - Research Paper Example Alzheimer’s is normally classified into three different groups; Early onset, Late onset and familial. This paper analyses the dimensions of late onset Alzheimer’s. Pathophysiology of "Late Onset" Alzheimer's Disease It is estimated that more than 4.5 million people in America alone experiencing Alzheimer’s currently. Doraiswamy et al, (2009) have mentioned that Alzheimer’s can occur even at the age of forties or fifties (Doraiswamy et al, 2009, xvii). However, about 90% of the Alzheimer’s disease patients are victims of "Late Onset" Alzheimer's. Alzheimer's victims of more than 65 years of age are normally included in the category of Late Onset" Alzheimer's. Only 10% of Alzheimer's victims are below the age of 65. Normally people below the age of 65 suffers Alzheimer’s because of Down syndrome. This type of Alzheimer’s is known as Early onset Alzheimer’s. On the other hand, "Late Onset" Alzheimer's disease is caused by hereditar y and environmental factors. A third type of Alzheimer’s is known as Familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD). In the case of FAD patients, the disease is caused by family history or hereditary. ... It has the ability to recollect everything in the distant memory while facing problems in recollecting information stored in the recent memory. Bonda et al. (2010) pointed out the imbalances between mitochondrial fission and fusion of cell proliferation as the reason for Alzheimer’s. â€Å"Specifically, the dynamic balance of fission and fusion in AD is greatly shifted toward fission, and, as a result, affected neurons contain abnormal mitochondria that are unable to meet the metabolic demands of the cell†(p.181). It should be noted that fission is the process of breaking of cells whereas fusion is the process of combining cells. Both fission and fusion are necessary body mechanisms to maintain good memory. However, in the case of patients with Alzheimer’s fission mechanism occurs more while fusion mechanism occurs less. As a result of that cell proliferation procedures will be troubled and the communication though neurons become defective. It should be noted tha t neurons are responsible for sending instructions from the brain to different parts of body. This communication process may become defective because of the imbalances in fusion and fission. Risk Factors Advanced age is the primary risk factor for AD; risk doubles every 5 years after the age of 65. Additional risk factors include having a first-degree relative with AD; Down syndrome; head trauma; certain environmental exposures, including metals, infection, and toxins; decreased estrogen levels; and mutations in the APP, PSEN1, PSEN2, or APOE genes. Cardiovascular disease, cardiovascular risk factors (e.g., hypertension, obesity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance), depression, and certain lifestyle choices (e.g.,

Research the negatives of Charter schools in LAUSD school system Paper

The negatives of Charter schools in LAUSD school system - Research Paper Example It is located in board district 1, local district 3, South Burnside Avenue, at 5100 Wilshire BLVD, in Los Angeles, CA. it serves approximately 300 students in grade 6-8. Charter schools have brought about criticism in education system especially in Los Angeles. The race of schools to provide quality education and maintain a position at the top has increased the support for charter schools in Los Angeles (Jack Buckley 3). The current struggle seen between LAUSD school board and union over charter schools represents the thirst for quality and top position. The quality of schools in Los Angeles is very low. They do o respond to the educational needs of the Los Angeles community. This observation clearly shows that something has to be done to bring a desired change. Despite the fact, that t it is clear that schools in Los Angeles need radical change, charter schools are not the answer for the required change (Jack Buckley 3). Charter schools have been criticized for not meeting the requi rements of the change required to solve the problem of low quality education in Los Angeles. Critics state that charter schools provide the best in terms of educational performance but still ignore important aspects of the society. The problem about charter schools started at the same time that charter schools began (Whitney 194). ... For instance, in a report compiled by UCLA civil rights project in 2003, Gary Orfield noted that people had an early concern with regard to the ability of charter schools to represent the minority (Whitney 95). They were concerned that charter schools would admit white students as they would escape diverse public schools. Others noted that charter schools would compromise public schools further to offer poor education to those who would not afford to pay for charter schools. In addition, this would result to discrimination of students based on the schools they occupy and consequently their social class in society (Whitney 195). Other people criticized charter schools stating that they are more business oriented than education oriented because they get their funding from a variety of sources that includes private investment. Private firms are allowed to fund Charter schools and can get profits when these schools perform. The schools are managed for profit. However, when charter school s fail to realize its target private investors leave for other business viable places. This means that the schools are closed thereby depriving students a right to continuous education (Jack Buckley 43). Therefore, some argued that the schools would promote profit-making ideals as opposed to educating children. Others argued that the profit would assist those schools achieve success. The government as well as private investors fund charter schools. They are funded through the federal categorical funding. They are opposed by teacher unions, antiracial groups and activists, private researchers and parents and students who favor public school system(Jack Buckley 43). According to Grading the Chartering Organizations, 2003, most states had a few resources for oversight

Analysis of Treatment Options for Depression

Analysis of Treatment Options for Depression Cognitive Therapy Donna Thompson An accruing relapse of depression is hard to overcome nevertheless; preventing these relapses is the key. The length of depression constitutes a major problem in the treatment of depression. The aim of any treatment is to lessen relapses and the recurrence of depression in patients. All patterns are different and the level in mental codes that are used in the treatment of depression Antidepressant medications (ADMS) are a common form of treatment for major depression. However, not all individuals want to take medications since the side effects could be lethal or unwanted. There have been other studies for treatment such as; BA (Behavioral Activation) treatment. Depression can lead to suicide and the feeling of hopelessness that lays dormant in people who attempt suicide. Cognitive therapy has a few sessions that target suicide tendencies due to Cognitive therapy targets the key reasons. Clinical practice concentrates on group therapy and the format is recommended to help people with depression. Group methods can be seen as evidences as implementing an intervention. Literature Review Brown, G. K. (2005) discovered that treatments that prevent the repeat of suicide attempts is limited. The research is based on randomized trials that concentrates on treatment differences between medications and therapy. DeRubeis et al (2005) found that experienced therapist could be as effective as medications. The research was done at top universities and clinics such as: University of Pennsylvania, Vanderbilt University and more. The research used a controlled placebo trial target at the similarities of cognitive therapy. Dimidjian et al (2006) researched AMD (antidepressant medication) against cognitive therapy. There is very little study and cognitive therapy has not been proven to help. The research was based on the testing of cognitive therapy against the AMD. The research founded that with experience cognitive therapy helped more than the medication. Scope et al (2013) research is based on cognitive therapy evidence in helping PND (postnatal depression) victims. This study compared one on one therapy against group therapy and suggested an intervention in the current standards. The research reviewed the evidence scientifically. Teasdale et al (1995) research was based on the theory that relapses of depression can be reduced by cognitive therapy during the main treatment. An information analysis was used to weigh the effectiveness of the primary therapy. The research concluded that similar effects of cognitive therapy can be used in other mental disorders using meditation techniques. The Interaction to Cognitive Therapy (ICS) Study An accruing relapse of depression is hard to overcome nevertheless; preventing these relapses is the key. The length of depression constitutes a major problem in the treatment of depression. However, many evidences suggest that psychological treatments have been withdrawn to the many treatment trials that have been found in cognitive therapy such as drugs or different types of therapy that defends against depression. â€Å"The preventive interventions such as the drugs operate through effects in changing the patterns of the cognitive processing that becomes active in mild negative side effects† (Teasdale, Segal, Williams, 1995, p.25). The aim of any treatment is to lessen relapses and the recurrence of depression in patients. Therefore, the interaction to cognitive subsystems (ICS). ICS works through information that may be developed for cognitive therapy. The different aspects and experiences are represented in patterns that are qualitatively different to ICS. Different inflections and patterns seem different. Many analogies, recurring patterns are common to visual inputs from similar objects and what objects are different. All patterns are different and the level in mental codes that are used in the treatment of depression. A research done by Teasdale, et al (1995) found that the level of study denotes a concerned meaning that can be demonstrated by the similarities between a poem and a sentence (p.26). Information processing involves the transformation of patterns in one information code into patterns. Depression shows that emotional reactions occur when emotion relates to schematic models that are produced from patterns of lower level meanings and patterns that show production of depression and emotional responses. The main effect is to help control the relapse of depression. In addition, â€Å"The insight to sounds and physical sensations depends on implicated schematic models, creating propositional outputs (specific meanings) that are extreme to derive information from current sensory input† (Teasdale, Segal, Williams, 1995, p.36). Antidepressant Treatment Study Antidepressant medications (ADMS) are a common form of treatment for major depression. However, not all individuals want to take medications since the side effects could be lethal or unwanted. However, there have been other studies for treatment such as; BA (Behavioral Activation) treatment. Dimidjian et al., (2006), conducted a study that had 258 people involved and came to a census of depression stresses the affiliation between action and attitude conditions that play a role of relative changes that are linked with reduced access to support antidepressant conditions (p.660). The study indicated that BA was comparable to ADM. In the future the standard targeting avoidance behaviors will be in accordance with an earlier behavioral theory that may be an important to innovation on depression. Addressing treatments for depression has not emphasized targeting avoidances, with the exception of the use of opposite action for sadness within dialectical behavior therapy and early investigations of acceptance and commitment therapy with depressed patients. Cognitive Therapy vs Medications Antidepressant medications may treat depression. DeRubeis et al (2005) research was conducted across five universities that included 240 outpatients. He used The Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD), in which is a several item survey used to warn of depression, and it is used as a controller to evaluate the recovery of depression. This provided endless scores that permitted for descriptions of remission. DeRubeis et al (2005) concluded that knowledge levels of the cognitive therapists seem to have subsidized the communication. Hence, cognitive therapy can be as effective as the drugs for the primary treatment of severe depression. Nonetheless, this degree of success may depend on a higher level of therapist that has experience or expertise in treating depression (p.409). Suicide Cognitive Therapy Study Depression can lead to suicide and the feeling of hopelessness lays dormant in people who attempt suicide. Cognitive therapy has a few sessions that target suicide tendencies due to most of Cognitive therapy tries to target the key reasons such as depression or the feeling of hopelessness. Brown did a study in 2005 and the objective of the study is to test a 10-session therapy. Throughout this study many relapsed, some were watching closer than others and some had many sessions. â€Å"The severity of depression as measured by the Beck Depression Inventory was significantly lower for the cognitive therapy group than for the usual care group† (Brown, 2005, p. 565). The participants was broken into two groups a cognitive therapy group and a care group. The study proved that overall the cognitive therapy group had less depression and hopelessness than the care group in lesser time. Brown (2005) research concluded that â€Å"the cognitive therapy group also had significantly less hopeless than the usual care group. The severity of self-reported depression was significantly lower for the cognitive therapy group than for the usual care group† (p. 569). Psychological Therapies Study Clinical practice concentrates on group therapy and the format is recommended to help people with depression. Group methods can be seen as evidences as implementing an intervention. â€Å"Many selected studies were quality assessed, using Cochrane risk of bias tools that were data extracted by two reviews using a standardized data† (Scope et al., 2013, p.3). The method was a synthesized effect that was an inverse and variance method. The results of Meta analyses showed groups to (CBT). The current national institute for health and clinical excellence (NICE) showed that clinical guidelines was intended for postnatal mental health. The outline that is recommended is to identify and treat women with psychological interventions such as undivided cognitive behavioral therapy or interpersonal therapy (IPT) for women with (PND). In any future studies that may be beneficial is a psychological intervention because it is useful for treatments that may meet the requirements of evidence based practice to (EBP) if it is applied. Conclusion The length of depression constitutes a major problem in the treatment of depression. However, many evidences suggest that psychological treatments have been withdrawn to the many treatment trials that have been found in cognitive therapy such as drugs or different types of therapy that defends against depression. Depression shows that emotional reactions occur when emotion relates to schematic models that are produced from patterns of lower level meanings and patterns that show production of depression and emotional responses. The main effect is to help control the relapse of depression. DeRubeis (2005) concluded that knowledge levels of the cognitive therapists seem to have subsidized the communication. Hence, cognitive therapy can be as effective as the drugs for the primary treatment of severe depression or other mental problems. Nonetheless, this degree of success may depend on a higher level of therapist that has experience or expertise in treating depression (p.409). An accruing relapse of depression is hard to overcome nevertheless; preventing these relapses is the key. The length of depression constitutes a major problem in the treatment of depression. The aim of any treatment is to lessen relapses and the recurrence of depression in patients. References Brown,G.K. (2005). Cognitive Therapy for the Prevention of Suicide Attempts: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Jama-journal of The American Medical Association,294(5), 563-570. doi:10.1001/jama.294.5.563 Retrieved from: http://www.behavioralhealth-ctx.org/resources/Suicide_Prevention.pdf DeRubeis,R.J., Hollon,S.D., Amsterdam,J.D., Shelton,R.C., Young,P.R., Salomon,R.M., . . . Gallop,R. (2005). Cognitive Therapy vs Medications in the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Depression.Archives of General Psychiatry,62(4), 409-416. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.62.4.409 Retrieved from: http://archpsyc.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=208460 Dimidjian,S., Hollon,S.D., Dobson,K.S., Schmaling,K.B., Kohlenberg,R.J., Addis,M.E., . . . Jacobson,N.S. (2006). Randomized Trial of Behavioral Activation, Cognitive Therapy, and Antidepressant Medication in the Acute Treatment of Adults With Major Depression.Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology,74(4), 658-670. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.74.4.658 Retrieved from http://ww.abnormalwootwoot.com/Cool_Abnormal_Reads_Videos_ETC._files/Dimidjia n%202006-Randomized%20Trial%20of%20Behavioral%20Activation_1.pdf Scope,A., Leaviss,J., Kaltenhaler,E., Parry,G., Sutcliffe,P., Bradburn,M., Cantell,A. (2013). Is group cognitive behavior therapy for postnatal depression evidence based practice? A systematic review.BMC Psychiatry,13(1), 1-19. doi:10.1186/1471-244x-13-321 Retrieved from: https://eds-b-ebscohost- com.libroxy.chapman.edu/ehost/detail/detail?vid=8sid=143e2edd-dfaa-4ad4-88aa- 90d630d4673d%40sessionmgr110hid=113bdata=JkF1dGhUeXBlPWlwLHVpZCxjb 29raWUsdXJsJnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=aphAN=92802416 Teasdale,J.D., Segal,Z., Williams,J.M. (1995). How does cognitive therapy prevent depressive relapse and why should attentional control (mindfulness) training help?Behaviour Research and Therapy,33(1), 25-39. doi:10.1016/0005-7967(94)E0011-7 Retrieved from: http://oxfordmindfulness.org/wp-content/uploads/Teasdale-Segal-and- Williams-1995.pdf

The Garden Of Love Essays -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Julia McDonald   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  ENGL 102H/Ellzey   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Poetry Interpretation â€Å"The Garden of Love†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"The Garden of Love† is, quite obviously, a poem about life and the pursuit of happiness. It is also about the effects that negativity can have on love. Blake uses religion to convey the idea that negativity â€Å"†¦pervades and corrupts all life†(51 n.9), further supporting it with his use of rhyme scheme and imagery. In searching for love people often times emerge scarred and hostile from their fruitless efforts. Some continue to have faith in the idea of love and its possibilities, others do not. These folk sometimes seek refuge from their pain in a variety of houses. It is just as often that these refugees project their negative attitudes onto others that search for love and happiness. People who fear love can prevent others from finding it, because they change the positive surroundings to suit their negative world.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The conflict between organized religion and the individual is the constant idea throughout the poem. Blake, himself, despised the Church, as an institution rather than an idea, and used religious symbols to show how structured religion can destroy the lover and creator within. A chapel has been built, perverting a once pure and loving environment. In inspecting the chapel, the persona feels only negativity from a religious house, as the gates are shut â€Å"And Thou shalt not writ over the door†(6). Not only has man and machine invaded this place once full of life, but they have also brought with them negative comm... ...laws and motions that love does not. In â€Å"The Garden of Love,† the church expects the natural act and emotion of love to follow these motions, which is entirely unnatural, just as it is unnatural to be celibate and deny emotion for another human being. â€Å"The result is no less cruel-the banishment of daylight love for nighttime deceit, the repression and perversion of the young into the gray and palsied sufferings of the old†(Hagstrum 531). The negative and confining nature of the Church and celibacy prevent the young, positive nature of love from existing and exploring. â€Å"The Garden of Love† is a true testament to how easily negative energy and negative surroundings can wound and infect a positive environment. Negativity spreads like a disease, disrupting the easy and natural optimistic heart. Blake conveys this point with the convenient use of a confining institution such as the Church, which he further supports with a fine use of imagery and an effective incomplete rhyme scheme and voice. He quite easily showed that the negativity others accept through their life experiences end up robbing others of their innocence, as they choose not to process their emotions, but dwell in them.

Motivation and Job Satisfaction

In today’s hyper-competitive marketplace, understanding what fosters and forwards employee motivation—and, thus, organizational performance—is critical. Based on theories, studies, best practices, case studies and resources about motivation, this solutions-focused research article presents valuable information for the senior HR leader seeking competitive advantage. Introduction In today’s marketplace, where companies seek a competitive edge, motivation is key for talent retention and performance. No matter the economic environment, the goal is to create a workplace that is engaging and motivating, where employees want to stay, grow and contribute their knowledge, experience and expertise. Motivation is generally defined as the psychological forces that determine the direction of a person’s level of effort, as well as a person’s persistence in the face of obstacles. The direction of a person’s behavior refers to the many possible actions that a person could engage in, while persistence refers to whether, when faced with roadblocks and obstacles, an individual keeps trying or gives up. The responsibility for motivation is three-fold: it falls on the senior leadership, the direct manager and the employee. Numerous factors are involved, from trust, engagement and values (individual and organizational) to job satisfaction, achievement, acknowledgement and rewards. Motivation is essential for working autonomously, as well as for collaboration and effective teamwork. The ultimate focus of the organization is to successfully retain talent, meet goals and go beyond expectations. It is the role of HR and organizational leaders to foster an environment for excellence. Through a foundation of research, theory, studies and practical examples, this article addresses the questions of what motivates employees, what managers need to do, and what supports motivation and, thus, performance. What Influences Motivation? Motivating employees for better performance encompasses these critical factors: employee engagement, Organizational vision and values, management acknowledgment and appreciation of work well done, and overall authenticity of leadership. Chana Anderson, CCP, SPHR-CA, director of HR and a member of the SHRM Employee Relations Special Expertise Panel, says that motivation is influenced equally by the employee and the company: â€Å"Motivation and engagement is truly a 50-50 relationship between the employee and employer. Employees are expected to come to the workplace with the intrinsic motivation and desire to be successful, be value-added and contribute to the obtainment of an employer’s vision. Conversely, it is incumbent upon the employer to provide resources, opportunities, recognition and a cohesive work environment for employees to be successful. Employee Engagement Engagement influences motivation. It is reflected in the extent to which employees commit, how hard they work and how long they stay. People join organizations for different reasons, motivated by intrinsic and extrinsic rewards. Intrinsic rewards are reflected in actions believed to be important. Examples include an employee who wants to help people by providing excellent customer service or a senior manager who gains a sense of accomplishment from overseeing a large corporation. Intrinsic outcomes include responsibility, autonomy, feelings of accomplishment and the pleasure of doing interesting work. Extrinsic-motivated behavior includes actions performed with the goal to have material or social rewards, with outcomes such as job security, benefits, vacation time and public recognition. It is the responsibility of managers to motivate employees, with the goal for employees to contribute to the organization. Managers can best motivate employees by offering rewards that are meaningful to them. Vision and Values Employees are often motivated differently. To develop a work environment that promotes motivation, organizations need to know what is important to their employees and then to emphasize these factors. In fact, some companies and researchers are beginning to look at â€Å"work spirituality†Ã¢â‚¬â€not in a religious sense, but in a sense that what an employee does aligns with his or her greater sense of life and purpose. Aside from monetary gain, work provides people with fulfillment on various levels, from earning a living and â€Å"doing good work† to aspiring to a vision and ultimately having an impact on the quality of life. These reasons can change over time in response to changes in people’s home life and responsibilities. Further, in response to drastic economic changes and natural disasters, companies can change over time as well. Management Acknowledgment and Appreciation How employees are treated is a strong determinant of employee motivation and performance. Edward E. Lawler III, author and consultant for human resource management, emphasizes that â€Å"treating people right is fundamental to creating organizational effectiveness and success. It is also easier said than done. † According to Lawler, this includes â€Å"a highly complex set of actions on the part of both organizations and employees. Organizations must develop ways to treat their employees so that they are motivated and satisfied; employees must behave in ways to help their organizations become effective and high-performing. † This winning combination for performance requires a partnership between the organization and the employees. Lawler states: â€Å"One can’t succeed without the other. To provide people with meaningful work and rewards, organizations need to be successful. And to be successful, organizations need high-performing individuals. The challenge is to design organizations that perform at high levels and treat people in ways that are rewarding and satisfying. To describe this mutually beneficial relationship, Lawler uses the term virtuous spiral, a relationship that occurs when the organization values its employees, and in return, workers are committed to high performance. Leadership and Making a Difference In today’s pressure-cooker environment, performance is carefully noted at all levels of the organization. No matter an individual’s title, everyone has the opportunity to lead in some capacity and have a positive impact on performance. Understanding the value that can be achieved through different roles is one way of providing motivation, performance and thus leadership skills. A recent article published on [email  protected], titled â€Å"Putting a Face to a Name: The Art of Motivating Employees,† emphasizes that workers have better results when they can identify with those they serve. Specifically, face-to-face interactions and task significance (â€Å"what I do makes a difference†) are key drivers for motivation and performance. Research by Adam Grant, Ph. D. , a Wharton management professor, indicates that making human connections is critical for motivation, leadership and high job performance. He found that face-to-face interactions—no matter how superficial—can lead to significant improvements in performance, and that motivation and performance increase simply by an employee’s awareness of the impact of his or her job on others. Dr. Grant has observed this result through studies of all types of jobs and roles in the workplace, from customer service representatives, managers, nurses, doctors and medical technicians to security guards, engineers, salespeople, police officers and fire fighters—based on when people can directly see the impact of their efforts. Mini Case Study In a study published in the Journal of Applied Psychology, Dr. Grant found that lifeguards at a community recreation center who read about how their ability to avoid fatalities made a difference were stronger leaders/performers. Their work improved by 40% in contrast to lifeguards who merely learned that lifeguarding can be personally enriching. Grant points out that in today’s economy, where work is often virtual without the end user physically present, â€Å"it is important for employers to build in systems that reinforce employees’ awareness of whom they are helping. 6 As HR leaders work on processes and systems designed to improve motivation and performance, it is important to be cognizant of the issue of technology and how it can create distance between employees and the end users of their work. Dr. Grant suggests that focus on the mission of the organization is one way to overcome the challenge of a virtual workplace and lack of direct interaction and is a successful strategy for creating the energy for motivation necessary to achieve high performance and quality of service. Leadership for Motivation To reach the hearts and minds of employees, leaders need to be authentic with an impelling vision. It is exceedingly important for a leader of any organization to communicate his or her vision constantly to ensure that there is no doubt about the direction a team is heading,† says Ken Blanchard, world-renowned management coach. He emphasizes: â€Å"One of the most destructive traits a leader can have today is arrogance—acting like you’ve got it together all the time. On the other hand, one of the most endearing qualities a leader can have is to be in touch with his or her vulnerability. It’s that side of a leader that keeps the vision from crumbling under the pressure of circumstance. 7 In addition, leaders need to connect the organization’s vision and values to the employees’ day-to-day work and help them see how the work they do every day connects to the bigger picture. The 2009 study Best Companies for Leadership conducted by Bloomberg BusinessWeek. com and the Hay Group reveals that leading companies were focused on leadership even during the recent economic downtown. This annual study ranks the best companies for leadership and examines how they develop leaders. The 2009 study found a shift in what the top 20 leading organizations value regarding leadership. Specifically, the most valued qualities in leaders are strategic thinking and inspiring leadership. In a press release, John Larrere, national director of Hay Group’s Leadership and Talent Practice, and co-leader of the Best Companies for Leadership Study, stated: â€Å"For organizations to succeed, they will need to understand what key leadership elements are paramount in driving their organizations toward growth. It’s more than just getting people to produce the right outcomes. It’s about getting them to be passionate about their work and grooming them to handle the challenges ahead. The Best Companies for Leadership have figured this out. According to this study, companies are now focusing their efforts on positioning for the future. To do so, 94% of the best companies have leadership development programs to enable employees to deliver on goals/strategies, 90% provide all employees with the opportunity to develop and practice the capabilities needed to lead others, and 87% have a sufficient number of internal candidates ready to assume open leadership positions. In fact, 94% of the best companies actively manage a pool of successors for mission-critical roles, 83% invest a great deal in their people, and 80% promote growth opportunities. In addition, 95% use corporate social responsibility to recruit employees, 66% have a high proportion of women in senior leadership, 91% make it easy for people to work from home, and 91% have an appreciation of global issues as a key job requirement. Finally, the best companies for leadership focus on employee engagement through commitment and discretionary effort and on employee enablement, with optimized roles and a supportive environment, leading to financial success, customer satisfaction and employee performance—all to drive organizational performance. In today’s economy, leaders need to be mindful of economic pressures when looking for ways to motivate employees. Some organizations find cost-effective ways to provide opportunities through â€Å"developmental assignments,† where people can grow their skills in other areas to be ready for promotions when they may occur. A good manager will take the time to consider ways to motivate employees, whether performance levels are good or need improvement. For the leader, it is beneficial to take a step back and consider, on a personal level, what is motivating oneself. Important questions to ask are: 1) what are your own values; 2) what keeps you motivated; 3) how are your own engagement levels; 4) are you committed to the values of your company; and 5) do you take pride in your work and in your organization? By taking the time to examine these questions and thoughtfully answer them, a leader can gain a refreshed and even enlightened viewpoint to perform better—both for him/herself and for his or her staff—and be able to better optimize for improvement. By identifying three areas that need most attention, for example, a leader can develop a plan and put it into action. Employees need to have acknowledgment and respect and know that their contributions are valued. It cannot be stressed enough how demotivating it can be when managers do not recognize, acknowledge or appreciate employees and their hard work. Two strategies that can help motivate employees are 1) to provide training (including current job, new technologies and the ability to keep up with changes in the employees’ areas of expertise) and 2) promotional opportunities (promote from within). Positive and supportive leadership clearly makes the difference for an engaged and motivated workforce. In an interview with Hospitals and Health Networks, Jo Manion, R. N. , Ph. D. , points to the bottom line for hospital and patient care, as outlined in her book, The Engaged Workforce: Proven Strategies to Build a Positive Health Care Workforce. 12 Since excellent health care is critical for everyone at different points in life, employee motivation that results in excellent patient care is one example of motivation that all can relate to on personal and professional levels.

The Randle Report essays

The Randle Report essays The Randle Report, by Kevin D. Randle explores UFO research in the1990's. In reading his book I have gained much knowledge of how to determine whether information submitted as proof of extraterrestrial existence is valid or bogus, and the truth (from a scientificstandpoint) about several famous unidentified phenomenoms. Much information is submitted to substantiate extraterrestrial existence. This information comes in many forms but the most common are: video, photography, and sworn testimony. Once this information is introduced UFO researchers have to test the authenticity of the information. In 1995 aman named Ray Santilli claimed to have authentic footage of the allegedRoswell alien autopsy. Although it was very interesting, it was most definitly a hoax. This conclusion came after the data from many tests (performed by unbiased scientists and experts in their respected fields) showed that many things in the film and the actual film did not correlateas they should have. In the film there were instruments that hadnt been invented yet and the film was unlike any from that time period. We as humans have always had a facination with visual displays. In 1987 Ed Walters produced several polaroid photographs, several of which were published in several national newspapers and magazines. Once again these photographs were very appealing to the American public but were proved to be not generic either. Mr. Walters was not only unable to recreate his photographs but after he moved from the residence where he claimed to have taken the photographs at the next tennant to reside in that home found a model of a flying saucer that seems to be the same one that appeared ...

Lessons of a Mother essays

Lessons of a Mother essays A mother is something that gives rise to or exercises protective care over something else. (Webster's Universal College Dictionary; 1997) A mother is not only the borer of a child but she is someone who takes care of someone else. In the story "The Night Santa Claus Came" by Benjamin Capps, Mama plays the perfect role of a mother. The role that she fulfills is love. Mama is described by her seven year old son as being ancient, thirty-something. Mama is a school teacher who teaches seventeen students of all different ages in the old schoolhouse in Anarene, Texas. Mama was the school sweeper as well and her son describes her as being rich with her one hundred dollars a month. Mama had a way with words with her students. "She could look at a big boy and say, 'I thought you were older and more responsible than that,' and he would start blushing and stammering", explained her son. Mama decided to teach her sons a lesson so she gave them each fifty cents around Christmas time and took them to the nickel and dime store so they could buy each other a Christmas present. She reminded them, "It's better to give than to receive." Roy, the youngest of her three children, immediately spent his fifty cents on himself. On Christmas morning, Roy was very upset that he did not have anything to give his mother for Christmas. Mama decided to give him a nickel so he could buy her something. On Christmas night, Roy wanted to hang up his stockings so Santa Claus would come fill them with candy. His brothers, knowing that there was no Santa Claus and not wanting to cause any trouble for their mother, told Roy that this was a bad idea. The next morning the two boys woke up to a shrilling Roy who had found his treasures in his stockings. Angry, his two brothers climbed out of bed. These two boys were confused and jealous because their mother had not surprised them by acting like Santa Claus. Eventually Mama instructed ...

The Nature and Effects of the Emergence of 'Globalisation' as a Essay

The Nature and Effects of the Emergence of 'Globalisation' as a Feature of the World Economy over the Last 30 Years - Essay Example So what does globalization really mean to the overall world economies in general and what are the real reasons for the increased expansion and global integration of the financial and the general goods and service markets? The concept of globalization is not a new one, with individuals, from scholars, politicians and economists having different viewpoints as to the reasons for globalization as well as the positive and negative consequences of increased economic and industrial integration. Even during the 1960’s and 70’s multinational corporations started to shift their long term operational focus from a domestic to a global operational infrastructure (Colander, 2002).The were a lot of reasons that contributed to the paradigm shift that help drive the globalization of our manufacturing and service infrastructures as well as our financial and monetary systems. Advances in transportation methods such as cheaper air transport made it economically feasible for corporations to transport goods quite quickly and affordably. Starting in the 1980’s, the personal computer has created a revolution in the way business and individuals interact with each other and it has provided cheaper data processing and storage costs. It has increased worker productivity and operational efficiency for all businesses in general. Coupled with the advent of the internet the computer with its inherent functionality of quickly being able to share technical information, ideas and the ability for a team of individuals to be able to cooperate and share information, solutions and ideas seamlessly from different corners of the world has simply revolutionized the way we do business, especially with the wider availability of broadband services starting in the 1990’s (Emilian, Marcel, Hurduzeu, Vlad, 2011). The computer age, technological and communication advances have allowed multinational corporations and nations to expand their economies to more easily integrate themselv es to the global trade and financial markets therefore benefiting from increased economic prosperity for many previously underdeveloped economies. The increased trade has allowed unprecedented levels of economic growth for many of the countries that have successfully positioned themselves in the global arena (Imf, 2008). The ability for a company to choose to operate out of any country is a very important aspect of globalization, where an organization can choose among many nations to source its materials, manufacturing and headquarters and therefore has shifted the industrial operational structure towards one driven by efficiency and profitability instead of national barriers. The nullification of previous import tariffs and general protectionism previously played by many countries has played an important part in the globalization of economic trade by decreasing the amount of tariffs and other obstacles in the international trade of goods and services. It has become a driving factor in the advent of economic and financial globalization. The minimization of trade barriers was created with the idea of optimizing trade, financial flows and providing the maximum level of opportunity for economic benefits to the participating corporations and international economies in a bid to drive a general economic shift to a more fully integrated globalize trade

Racial disparity Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Racial disparity - Research Paper Example This paper shall discuss the racial disparities in health in the United States. It shall discuss what researchers have found as causes for such disparities. This paper is being carried out in order to establish a clear and comprehensive discussion of the subject matter and to establish reasons for the existence of the phenomenon. Discussion The racial disparities in the United States in relation to health are considered significant. For one, the current death rate for blacks registers at about 100,000 blacks dying each year (Levine, et.al., 2001). The different diseases or health issues as well as causes for mortality shall be specifically discussed by this paper. Death rates for coronary heart disease have registered at a higher rate for blacks as compared to whites, with about 30% of blacks more likely to die from the disease. Cancers now register at a higher rate for blacks as compared to whites. Cancer death rates have also been higher for blacks as compared to whites with lung a nd ovarian cancer increasing for both blacks and whites, and colorectal, breast, and prostate cancer increasing among blacks and remaining stable for whites (Piffath, et.al., 2001). The various causes for such racial disparity shall be assessed in terms of socioeconomic status, residential conditions, and medical care. Socioeconomic status is a definite predictor of health with those in the lower classes likely to experience more illnesses and higher rates of death. Such health status is also influenced by race with those in the minority races likely to experience lower economic conditions and consequently compromised health status (Williams and Jackson, 2005). Education is also a factor in racial disparities in health. The homicide rates among African-American males not having completed high school registers at a rate five times higher as compared to black males having completed college. Moreover, there is also a â€Å"ninefold difference in homicide rates by education for white m ales, a fourfold difference for black females, and a sixfold difference for white females† (Williams and Jackson, 2005). The rate for homicides among African-American males with higher education is eleven times higher than their white counterparts. Income disparities also impact on racial differences in health, especially in terms of coronary heart disease and cancer mortality (Williams and Jackson, 2005). Studies claim that death rates for these two diseases are higher among low income blacks and whites as compared to those in the middle class (Williams and Jackson, 2005). Moreover, blacks also have higher rates of mortality from heart diseases as compared to whites. In the low and middle income female blacks, they incur higher rates of mortality for heart diseases as compared to the white low and middle income white females (Williams and Jackson, 2005). The above picture portrays a clear racial disparity in the health care system of the United States. This disparity is large ly disadvantageous for African-American men and women who mostly belong to the lower income group who are often uninsured and who do not have as much access to health care as their higher income and their white counterparts. Some analysts claim that the cause of racial discrimination may be credited to residential segregation and neighborhood quality (Williams and Collins, 2001). Segregation has caused the middle-class African-Americans to reside